Luxury writing paper: 2019

Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Hierarchy Levels Of Strategy For Asdith Health...

Introduction Asdith Health Service is a community hospital which was established in 1995. It located in San Francisco in USA with a total staff of 1300. This Health Service was one of the first of a provision of health-care in San Francisco and today it spread from over there to the outskirts of Los Angeles. AHS operates under a Health Trust Board who are members of local community, where some of them are professional people such as lawyers, doctors, educators and other members are consumers of the services. The structure of organization consists of following roles: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Executive Directors - 3. Medical/ Surgical/ Allied Health Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Deputy Director Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 3 Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Senior Functional Managers - 6 such as Marketing, Human Resources, Finance, Technical, Information and Operations Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Heads of Department - Clinical Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 12 Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Heads of Department -Allied Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 6 Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Staff such as nurses, doctors, technical, advisory, analysts, administration, porters, custodians and other health-care professionals. 1. Describe the Hierarchy Levels of Strategy for Asdith Health Services (further AHS). In the course of formal planning it is necessary to allocate various roles which will be carried out by certain managers when forming and performing strategy of the firm. There are three main hierarchical levels which are essential in any process of formal planning: corporate level, business level and functional level. Corporate level To this level belong decisions which by the nature cover all corporation in general.Show MoreRelatedStrategic Implementation For Information Systems Essay2337 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 PagesImplementation for Information Systems Organisation: NTI Ã¢â‚¬â€œ NTEC Table of Contents Introduction 3 Hierarchy Levels of Strategy for Asdith Health Services 3 Strategic Levels for Asdith 4 SWOT Analysis 5 PESTEL Analysis 7 Strategic Implementation SolutionsÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Asdith Health Services Introduction Asdith Health Service (AHS) is one of the Health care providers in the USA, with a vision Ã¢â‚¬Å"To be a world healthcare provider for all communitiesÃ¢â‚¬ Read MoreDiploma In Computing (With Strands In Software Development1316 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages Diploma in Computing (with strands in Software Development Networking) Level 7 STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS Ã¢â‚¬â€œ DC202 NQF Level 6 (12 credits) Assessment 1 CASE STUDIES ASSIGNMENT (v2) Final Result: _______________ Assessor Signature ___________________ Student Name Student ID Student Signature Assessor DATE :- 13/03/2017 MARKING SCHEDULE Student Name: Case Study 1 - Question number: Possible Marks: Student Marks: 1 3 2 5 3aRead MoreCase Study : Tending Service ( Ahs ) Essay1592 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesCASE STUDY-1 Introduction ASDITH tending SERVICE (AHS) is a community hospital in san Francisco (USA) with a large variety of employees i.e. 1300 member. Its two hundred beds. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a good vary of data system that ar either reaching the top of their helpful life or springing up for contract renewal. It operates below the health trust board WHO ar member of local people of the services offered by AHS The company was established in 1995 and one among the primary of its kind in urban centre. These days

The Hierarchy Levels Of Strategy For Asdith Health...

Monday, December 16, 2019

How to Write Research Papers for Dummies

How to Write Research Papers for Dummies The How to Write Research Papers Game The absolute most important point to take into account is the clarity of the research objectives. Generally speaking, there are 3 methods you're able to define your research objectives. The very first step in defining research objectives is to recognize the research issue. Defining survey research objectives at the beginning of your survey project program can function as a guide throughout the whole research procedure, making certain that the ideal questions are asked to the proper target audience, and making sure that your clientele and stakeholders are pleased with the overall outcomes of the survey, and more to the point, the accuracy and validity of the data you provide. Conclusion Writing clear objectives is the most significant step in designing qualitative marketing and advertising research. They should be tailored to each specific project. Stating research objectives have to be carried out clearly and concisely. The introduction part has to be compactly written. Usually, you are going to want to start with your science fair project question so the reader will know the aim of your paper. The foremost portion of the practice addresses the comprehension of critical elements of journal style writing. There's a specific procedure of how essays ought to be written. The How to Write Research Papers Cover Up There are some ways to improve your research paper so that it sounds more impressive. Research question is the central matter of the study that must be answered on the grounds of research findings. To begin with, you want to understand how to conduct legal research. Simply doing excellent research isn't enough. The Chronicles of How to Write Research Papers Irrespective of the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. A great outline is easily the most crucial step in writing a superb paper. However long your paper must be or how little time you need to complete it, there are a few general tips which will help you finish a first-rate research paper. You should start by doing some overall reading in the area. Frequently a research assignment requires you to submit a last outline ahead of submitting the last paper. How to Get Started with How to Write Research Papers? The paper will go through quite a few drafts and revisions before it's ready for submission. If you cite from the exact same author in the exact next citation you do not need to place the authors last name in the in line citation, only the page number. It's OK to copy such information provided that you reference it using a citation. As you read the data in your bibliography, you are going to want to take notes. Because there are many, even just an enormous number, of publications, even in a little research region, you may not be able, and it may not be necessary, to study each reference in detail. P reliminary research is done in order to learn how much information can be found on the subject. Specify the information which you want. You want actionable info and knowledge from qualitative marketing and advertising research. The perfect way to speed your writing is to do just a little planning. State the total purpose Start by thinking up the reason you're carrying out the undertaking. Following that, speak with the professor about a few of your general thoughts and the potential research directions you're considering pursuing. If you can't consider anyone that could offer such aid, then you may search help out on the net! If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on How to Write Research Papers How and why questions are crucial since they require the author to produce an argument. Then you identify important topics you wish to cover. Leadership practices are inclined to be different in numerous countries because of cross-cultural differences, legislations and a n assortment of other region-specific elements. How to Identify Major Topics Once you comprehend the research problem at a general degree, you define important topics you wish to cover. Very good research is critical, but it's also vital that you include your own observations and at times even opinions of the researched material. 4The purpose of such a kind of market research is to learn more about the market. Therefore, if you know the aim of research, you can look for an appropriate data rather then conducting the industry research yourself. Regardless of what field of research you're working on, developing the ideal research objectives will provide you a focused direction for your general report and help complete the tack efficiently and effectively. Things You Should Know About How to Write Research Papers Don't forget, even the most seasoned academic veterans have been required to learn to compose a research paper at some time in their career. Writing a good research pap er is dependent upon the wisdom of students and on the very clear comprehension of students on particular topic. Students do an assortment of research and compose many different reports, and in addition, they interview family and professionals for a number of the lessons. Year in, Year out, they find that the report called the research paper is the part of the science fair project where they learn the most.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

School Computing Charles Sturt University Ã¢â‚¬ Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The School Of Computing Charles Sturt University? Answer: Introduction This is an article that talks about the net neutrality plan of EU. This news was released in April, 2016. The net neutrality was followed by the regulations of EU. This article said that this concept of net neutrality resulted in the achievement of the Digital Single Market (Open Internet, 2017). Net neutrality is a concept where the internet access is given to everyone equally without any discrimination. This allows anyone to access the content that is present on the web. This does not block any application or user based on certain criteria. It does not decide who the market leaders are. The users can distribute the web content as per their requirement. This article mentioned that the EU rules make sure that same and equal provisions are applied in the whole of Europe. The web contents and services are not throttled or blocked according to the principle of net neutrality (Bourreau, Kourandi Valletti, 2015). This article gives an overview of net neutrality and its impact on the soci ety. According to the concept of net neutrality, the internet traffic will be given equal importance. Good service as well as open internet will become accessible to the end users. This article decides whether net neutrality is ethical according to Utilitarianism, Virtue Ethics, Contract Theory and Utilitarianism Theory. Utilitarianism Theory According to the theory of Utilitarianism, a social policy or act is said to be morally or ethically correct when it gives happiness or pleasure to most of the people in the society (Broad, 2014). In this theory utility does not stand for usage but it stands for pleasure or happiness. The main focus of this theory is the consequences that take place after an act or policy. Most or all of the people in a society will become happy because they will get access to the open internet without any issues (Ross, 2013). Net neutrality will not stop any user from accessing any net content. This will not only spread happiness but also help the society to grow and develop. Net neutrality does not give any power to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) to control the access of the internet content. Utilitarian theory supports net neutrality. This is because equal access to the internet would spread utility, i.e happiness among a huge number of people in Europe. Therefore this theory says that net ne utrality is an ethical act and is morally permissible. Deontology Theory The ethical theory of Deontology says that when people carry out their responsibilities as well as duties then it leads to a morally permissible act or ethically correct activity (Vaughn, 2015). This theory is not related with consequences unlike the Utilitarianism theory. In case of net neutrality all the people of Europe will be able to get access to the open internet (Baynes, 2013). Discrimination cannot be considered to be ethical. The ISP carries out their duties in an ethical manner because they do not discriminate the net accessibility and everyone is able to access the internet equally (Krmer, Wiewiorra Weinhardt, 2013). It can be seen that here the theory of Deontology is in support of net theory. Therefore according to the ethical theory of Deontology, net neutrality is an ethical act. Virtue Theory The theory of Virtue Ethics main focus is on the character and value of an individual person. This theory is not related to the obligations and consequences (Van Hooft, 2014). A person has intrinsic values that develop with time. If a person has good intrinsic values then the result of any activity performed by that person will be ethical. Internal motivation is responsible for the happiness of the people (Athanassoulis, 2013). The act of net neutrality will promote equality in Europe. People will get motivated and develop moral values. When they will see that there is no discrimination in the country then they will tend to act in a morally correct way. Therefore according to the theory of Virtue Ethics the act of net neutrality is ethical. Contract Theory The theory of Contract points out that a person will feel obligated to be ethical and act in a morally permissible way if there is a contract. This contract will make the people feel obligated and promote the welfare of the society (Fried, 2015). People tend to think about the benefit of the society. Justice is the main component of the modern version of Contract theory. Net neutrality treats everyone equally and does not discriminate. Therefore net neutrality gives justice to everyone. Net neutrality is a concept where the internet access is given to everyone equally without any discrimination. This allows anyone to access the content that is present on the web. This does not block any application or user based on certain criteria. It does not decide who the market leaders are. The users can distribute the web content as per their requirement. If there is justice then the act is ethical (K?szegi, 2014). Equality gives justice to the people. The contract that is present here is that a certain amount of money is paid to the ISP and the ISP provides equal access to the internet to everyone. Therefore it can be said that the theory of Contract supports the act of net neutrality. According to this theory net neutrality is an ethically correct. Conclusion It can be concluded from this essay that the net neutrality is considered to be morally permissible or ethically correct act. The act of net neutrality is judged from the point of view of four main theories of ethics. These classical theories give a proper explanation that why it considers the act of net neutrality to be ethical. This essay described the Utilitarianism theory and says that because net neutrality spreads happiness among the entire country so it is ethical. The Virtue Ethics theory says that net neutrality promotes moral values of humans and so it is morally correct. The Contract Theory says that the contract between the ISP and the people promotes ethics and so net neutrality is ethical. Finally the Deontology theory says that there is no discrimination and ISP carries out their duties in an ethical way so net neutrality is ethical. So it can be concluded that net neutrality is an ethical act. References Athanassoulis, N. (2013).Virtue ethics. AC Black. Baynes, K. (2013).Critical theory. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Bourreau, M., Kourandi, F., Valletti, T. (2015). Net neutrality with competing internet platforms.The Journal of Industrial Economics,63(1), 30-73. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Fried, C. (2015).Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. K?szegi, B. (2014). Behavioral contract theory.Journal of Economic Literature,52(4), 1075-1118. Krmer, J., Wiewiorra, L., Weinhardt, C. (2013). Net neutrality: A progress report.Telecommunications Policy,37(9), 794-813. Open Internet. (2017).Digital Single Market. Retrieved 12 September 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/eu-actions-net-neutrality Ross, D. (2013).Foundations of ethics. Read Books Ltd. Van Hooft, S. (2014).Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing ethics: Moral reasoning and contemporary issues. WW Norton Company.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Philadelphia Essays (894 words) - NYPD Blue, Andy Bernard

Philadelphia The movie, Philadelphia, was an excellent example of the severe discrimination many people with Aids are exposed to. In this instance the main character, Andy ,was also gay. Unfortunately, in our society, he was faced with a double whammy. The gay iss is controversial enough, but to compound that in the work force with having Aids would be almost unbearable for any person to cope with. Tom Hanks played Andy with a serious need to communicate to the viewers how everyday life, work, emotions and ment well being are affected by this kind of situation. The movie was well cast and thoughtfully portrayed Andy's serious predicament. The theme was very interesting. It made me realize how lucky I am to not have to deal with those kinds of problems. It's really very frightening to realize, as Andy did, that even our legal system can be discriminating. When he started looking for a lawyer, he found many people who did not want to represent him because of his illness. The frustration he felt mus t ha been a real burden. Most people were afraid of him. Even the man who finally represented him was afraid of him. He soon came to understand Andy was no threat to his health or his reputation, but someone he learned from and ended up becoming friends. Andy himself feared his disease even before he was sure he had it. He did not want to go for his blood test. He didn't want to face the reality of having Aids. He really didn't have any choice. After the doctor confirmed his fears and diagnosed him a having Aids, Andy began to deal with the news and the way it was changing his life and how people treated him. His employer was trying to shaft him. He fought for his rights, not knowing what the outcome would be, but knowing this was something he fel he must do. The turning point in the movie for Andy was when he was in the library trying to learn more about Aids. He was asked by the librarian to go to a private room. His lawyer was there and saw this happening, although he was hiding behind a pile of books. guess this is when he realized Andy needed him to help protect his rights. It killed me to think just because someone has an illness people don't understand that they can let their ignorance make them behave in a way they normally wouldn't. To tell yo the truth I can't honestly say I would have acted any different then the librarian did !!! The lawyer took the book Andy was holding out of his hand to show the librarian he was not afraid getting the disease by touching something Andy had touched. An must have felt one hell of a big relief when that happened !!! He finally had someone on his side. I hated the firm Andy worked for. At first they seemed okay, but after they tried shafting Andy, I was really pissed. He worked for them, produced for them, was an asset to their business and then they just blew him off. The blowing him off part wasn as bad as how they tried to do it. They tried to make him look like a loser. They cut down his work, his character, his abilities as an employee. What gives them the right to try and destroy someone's life Especially someone whose life is being d troyed anyway by the disease he has. The illness didn't affect the way he did his job or how well he did it. They were just a bunch of ignorant morons who didn't care about anything other than how having someone with Aids working for them would make t m and their business look..... and in their opinions it could ruin them. So, just fire the guy to cover their own asses. What a bunch of shit !!!! Especially coming from the very institution that was supposed to help protect peoples' rights, lawye rs !! The whole system must have really gotten to Andy. Especially because he was a part of that very same system. I agreed with the verdict of the trial hands

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Definition and Examples of Hidden Verbs in English

Definition and Examples of Hidden Verbs in English Hidden verb is an informal term in traditional grammar for needless nominalization: a verb-noun combination used in place of a single, more forceful verb (for example, make an improvement in place of improve). Also known as aÃ‚ diluted verb or a smothered verb. Because hidden verbs contribute to wordiness, they are generally considered a stylistic fault, especially in academic writing, business writing, and technical writing. Examples and Observations Common in functional prose is the weakened or dilute verb. Some writers avoid a specific verb like consider; they choose instead a general verb of little meaning like take or give and add the noun consideration with the necessary prepositions, as in take into consideration and give consideration to, devote consideration to, and expend consideration on. Thus they not only use three words to do the work of one, but also take the meaning from the strongest word in the sentence, the verb, and place the meaning in the noun that has a subordinate position. . . . Weak as a jigger of Scotch in a pitcher of water, this is neither good liquor nor good water. (Henrietta J. Tichy, Effective Writing for Engineers, Managers, Scientists. Wiley, 1966) Making a Sentence Say What It Means Heres a sentence from a report I once edited: The consumer must make intelligent choices when buying tires. The verb in this sentence is make. But is the consumer really making something? No. What the sentence means is that the consumer must choose. So we can improve this sentence by making it say what it means: The consumer must choose intelligently when buying tires. Alternatively, since the word consumer implies buying, we might revise the sentence even further: The consumer must choose tires intelligently. (Kenneth W. Davis, The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course: Business Writing and Communication, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2010) Latinate Suffixes When you turn a verb into a noun, you are nominalizinga horrible thing to do. An obvious indication that you have just nominalized a verb is that the word gets longer, often by adding a Latinate suffix like tion, ization, or worse. . . . Dont abuse a verb by making it act like a noun. (Lisa Price, Hot Text. New Riders, 2002) Spotting Hidden Verbs The number of hidden verbsÃ‚ is as great as the number of verbs to be hidden. However, these nine helping verbs commonly produce long, verb-suppressed constructions: have, give, perform, make, produce, accomplish, achieve, experience, and conduct. Compare the hidden verbs in the sentence pairs below. In each case, the second example contains a verb that has surfaced. The new law will have an influence on future building.The new law will influence future building.Ã‚ We will need to perform an analysis of traffic volumes at this intersection.We will need toÃ¢â‚¬â€¹ analyze traffic volumes at this intersection. . . .Ã‚ The new policy produced benefits for employees.The new policy benefited employees.Ã‚ We can conduct a survey of this lot.We can survey this lot.Ã‚ Too many nouns will achieve the dilution of writing.Too many nouns will dilute writing. Looking for the helping verbs above is one good way to identify potential verbs. (Barry Eckhouse, Competitive Communication: A Rhetoric for Modern Business. Oxford University Press, 1999) Losing Weight Many writers suffer from an overdependence on nouns. Given the choice between a verb and the noun form of a verb (called a nominalization), they instinctively choose the noun, perhaps under the mistaken notion that the noun will add authority and weight to their words. Well, it does add weight, but its the wrong kind of weight, and this tendency results in a noun-heavy style. For example, rather than writing I need to revise that sentence, they will write, I need to make a revision in that sentence. . . . Heres another example of a sentence weighed down by nouns. My suggestion is that we make a reduction in our overhead. Compare that sentence with I suggest we reduce our overhead. The verb-energized version is not only more concise (six words rather than eleven), but also more emphaticand the person standing behind those words sounds more decisive. (Stephen Wilbers, Keys to Great Writing. Writers Digest Books, 2000) Also See How to Recover Hidden VerbsBattologyConcisenessDynamic VerbsMore Ways to Cut the Clutter in WritingVerbosity

Friday, November 22, 2019

Comparative and Superlative Forms Lesson Plan

Comparative and Superlative Forms Lesson Plan The similarity of certain grammar structures, such as conditional forms and linking language, lend themselves to teaching in larger chunks, rather than focusing on one form at a time. This is also true of the comparative and superlative forms. Introducing both the comparative and the superlative simultaneously students can begin speaking about a wide variety of subjects in a more natural form that makes more sense contextually. The correct use of the comparative and superlative forms is a key ingredient when students are learning how to express their opinion or make comparative judgments. The following lesson focuses on first building understanding of the structure - and of the similarity between the two forms - inductively, as most students are at least passively familiar with the forms. The second phase of the lesson focuses on using the comparative and superlative forms actively in a small group conversation. Aim: Learning the comparative and superlative Activity: Inductive grammar learning exercise followed by small group discussion Level: Pre-intermediate to intermediate Lesson Outline Activate students awareness of the comparative and superlative by comparing three objects of your choice. For example, compare life in the US, the country where you are teaching and another country of your choice.Ask students questions based on what you have told them.Have students pair up and ask them to complete the first exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the first task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the comparative form. You will probably have to point out that a three letter word following the CVC (consonant : big - biggerHave students complete the second exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the second task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the superlative form. Make sure that students are aware of the similarities in construction between the two forms.Have students get into small groups of three to four and choose one of the topic headings for their group. Ask groups to then decide on three objects in the topic area to compare and contrast verbally.Have students write five to ten sentences based on their conversation using the comparative and superlative forms. It might be useful to ask them to write a specific amount of both comparative and superlative sentences. Exercises Read the sentences below and then give the comparative form for each of the adjectives listed.Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Tennis is a more difficult sport than Rugby.I think John is happier now than a year ago.Could you open the window, please? Its getting hotter in this room by the minute.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Read the sentences below and then give the superlative form for each of the adjectives listed. New York has got to be the most exciting city in the world.His biggest desire is to return home.She is probably the angriest person I know.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Choose one of the topics below and think of three examples from that topic, e.g. for sports, examples are football, basketball and surfing. Compare the three objects. CitiesSportsWritersFilmsInventionsCars

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Summary paper over Careers in Psychology Article

Summary paper over Careers in Psychology - Article Example Moreover, psychologists can also render valuable services in administrative and managerial departments. Like departments and professions, the work places of the psychologists also vary according to their proficiency. The most common places for the psychologists include schools, colleges, universities, hospitals, health centres, clinics and police stations. The degree of psychology offers the graduates and most graduates very lucrative, handsome and attractive remunerations and salaries, which is more than sufficient to lead a very respectable life in society. Psychologists are properly educated and trained in their respective fields in order to obtain the proper benefit of their skill and knowledge. The writer cites the Labour Department of the USA, according to which the psychologists climb the career growth ladder much faster than other professionals, because they are given significant motivation and salary revision so that they can work more diligently while paying their services to the individuals and institutions. Though, the status of the psychology undergraduates is far lower than that of postgraduates and doctorates, yet the undergraduates can also find their career in some comparatively trivial departments. On the contrary, the individuals having psychology degree at graduate level or above can seek wide variety and divergent range of career opportunities. There are numerous specialty areas in psychology, offering a wide range of career options. Some fields concentrate on research, while others focus on practical applications of psychological principles. Specific specialty areas in psychology include clinical psychology, educational psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, and social psychology. You can learn more in this article: Specialty Areas in Psychology What do Psychologists Do?: Psychologists work in a wide range of professional areas. Mental health, academics,

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Critical assessment of the difficulties of implementing motivation Essay

Critical assessment of the difficulties of implementing motivation theories in the modern workplace - Essay Example Understanding of such problems would help improve employee response and motivation resulting in better output and achievement of organizational goals. 4 There are many motivation theories however most popular among them are behavioral theories of Maslow and Herzberg. The chief features of these theories needs to be understood before we can dwell on problems in their practical implementation. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, there are five categories of needs viz. (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. They form a pyramid structure with the lowest and broadest physiological need at the base. Pyramid also illustrates the fact that breadth of needs, as we graduate up the pyramid, gets reduced indicating that the need is finely tuned and well defined. In order to have fully motivated workers each lower level needs to be satisfied before one can graduate to higher level needs. Maslow made a supplementary hypothesis that physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs on satisfaction, ceased to motivate, while the self-actualization needs motivated an individual more as they got satis fied. Maslow's premise was that it is the growth choice that propels an individual toward self-actualization - that of individual growth or "filling one's potential."(Maslow, 1954).A worker wise need analysis is a tough task and may even result in manager forgetting main work related goals. People are individual and it is so difficult to meet everyone's need at their required level. Such needs may be sourced outside the work place.Herzberg used Maslow's lead as a base to build his motivation-hygiene theory. According to him the hygiene elements relate to low level needs (physiological, safety, and social). For an individual, hygiene conditions include company policy and administration, supervision, relationships with peers and supervisors, work conditions, salary, status, and security (Markiewicz, 2002). Paucity of hygiene factors can lead to dissatisfaction or lack of motivation and account for 69% of the factors which cause employee dissatisfaction or lack of motivation. The motiv ation conditions, which include achievement, the job itself, recognition, responsibilities, and personal growth, accounted for 81% of the factors which contributed to job satisfaction. The hygiene conditions are extrinsic factors while the motivation conditions are intrinsic factors, and the only way to sustain motivation toward organizational goals is through the achievement of intrinsic outcomes. 5 Each of these theories carry ideas consistent with human nature, however each faces limitations within organizational settings. Because lower order needs are generally satisfied in the workplace today, managers have to deal with how to provide esteem and self-actualization to their employees, and that can be a nebulous concept to a manager who demands results immediately. As Stolovitch and Keeps state," Another

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay Example for Free

Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay 1587, Day 1 We arrived today on the island of Roanoke. Queen Elizabeth of England had sent us over here to start a colony in the new world. There were about one hundred and twenty people on board that tiny vessel consisting of men, women, and children. I am very happy to make it onto land after so long on the water in a crowded ship. The land is dense with forests, and the bodies of water that surround us are beautiful. John White has been named governor of our colony. Day 20 I have been inside the huts all day taking care of the children and trying to make it more like a home. Ive conversed with another one of the ladies and she told me that some of the men have ventured into the forest today looking for the lost colonists. There were many gentlemen sent over during Englands last trip; they were to start building a camp, but ran out of supplies so one ship returned to England while the rest of the men stayed here. The fifteen of them that stayed have disappeared without any clues as to what happened to them. I also heard rumors that they have made friends with the Croatoan Indians, and that they will help us with getting supplies. When they returned this afternoon they announced that their days expedition was to no avail. Soon we all have to start figuring out a way to get food, we have enough to last for a long time, but eventually we will run out. Day 30 The days are starting out to be the same each day. I have taken care of the children all day and cleaned this filthy shack up. Some of the men ventured out again for hope of the lost colonists, but again to no avail. Others worked all day building homes. Hopefully they will be finished soon so we can get a proper roof over our heads. John White is talking of another trip to return to England for more supplies soon. Day 100 The natives have brought us food today and have taught the men what plants are edible. We still are in need of supplies though and a ship will be leaving soon to collect. Our men have lost all hope of finding the 15 men who had disappeared, so groups have been on missions to find gold or some sort of precious metals to present to her majesty that the new Colonies are profitable. Day 300 The ship left to go back to England months ago, and weve lost all hope of its return. We have run out of supplies, the natives are helping us, but to stay at Roanoke is hopeless. Colonists have decided to start a move somewhere else. John White had organized an attack on the enemy Indians who we had heard attacked and killed our 15 men left on Roanoke, a few months back, but instead we attacked the Croatoans by accident. The Indians are not very keen on us now so we cannot rely on them for shelter and food. We have packed all our supplies left and ventured inland. The ship sent back to England didnt return to the colony for 3 years. During that time England was at war with Spain and couldnt afford to let one of its ships return to Roanoke with supplies no matter how much John White begged the Queen. When England had won the war in 1590, a ship was sent back with supplies for the colony. Once arrived on land, they discovered that the hundred and sixteen people had abandoned Roanoke. All that was left was the word Croatoan carved into a tree. The colony was never found and the ship returned to England not knowing the fate of the colonists.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Jumping the Border :: Immigration Mexico Papers

Jumping the Border Imagine this, living in a very small town, smaller than Kachina Village, with only one store where you could make and receive phone calls, there are no public phones, no residential phone lines, no electricity and no running water. The roads are not paved until you get to the main road where people travel the most. The next town is about thirty minutes away, and there is only one bus that comes to this small town once a week, so people can go shopping and do other things. In this small town there are hardly any vehicles, people either walk, bike, or ride donkeys. There are hardly any jobs and so the only thing you can do is to leave for another place and look for a job to support your family. If someone told you that there was a place where people had many opportunities to find work and make better money, would you go? This small town I am describing is a place called La Huertilla in a state called Oaxaca in Mexico; it is the place where my son MauricioÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s grandparents live. Many young children are being torn apart from their families. Many parents come to the United States to make money and send back. They would leave their children with grandparents or other family members, until they are able to bring them up to the U.S. Is there a way the United States could open up the Mexican and United States border? If we as American citizens can cross into Mexico without showing passports, visas, and driver licenses, why could we not turn around and do the same for MexicoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s people who would like to enter the United States. The United States should allow Mexican Immigrants to migrate and visit freely, because I believe it is not fair for the Americans to not have to show papers, while Mexicans have to. Imagine yourself leaving for another country only with one belief that it will be to better support your family. With this engraved in your mind you pack a small bag with only three pairs of clothes to change into. You are finally at the border, after leaving your loved ones behind, reassuring them you will send money to support them. Now you have to decide when you will jump the border.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networking Essay

The world of technology and communication has changed rapidly during this millennium era. We can not avoid that and as a matter of fact we will be lag behind if we do not follow it. Information Communication and Technology or ICT has become the major role to bring the world into a more modern and develop. ICT has also shaped the world to be more dynamic than ever before.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨The world of education get the effect on the rapid changes of ICT. Education now have to adapt with the ICT, if not then there will create gap within education and the society. The education world now is also getting more improve by using ICT. Social Networking or Social Media such as facebook, twitter, WhatsApp and other alike is also product of the development in ICT. Not many people realise that social media that are used by so many people in the world can be used for language learning.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Social media provides the learner with the possibility of participating in actual, real-time, relevant conversations taking place online, and practicing the target language with or without the help of an experienced teacher by his or her side. However there are some advantages and disadvantages of using social networking for language learning. This article tries to present the role of social networking in education and to know the advantages and disadvantages of it. Read more:Ã‚ Social networking advantages and disadvantages essay Though, there are many opinion regarding the topic, this article would like to limit on the advantages and disadvantages of social networking in english language learning.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨The social networking sites focus heavily on building online communities bound together with common interests or activities. Thereby provide them with tools that help them to do so. In the field of education social networking sites encourage students to engage with each other and to express and share their creativity. Social media is also one good way for students to gain knowledge which can be from outside their classroom activities. So many social media they can share and discuss many things related to their need of particular knowledge with others practically.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨With Social networking can create a better English communicative environment for students, they do not have to go to the country where the mother tongue of English is, they just connect to the internet and interact with people from English spea king countries. And they do not need to meet physically, and it also improving the efficiency of class teaching. English teaching can make the lessons more effective and efficient. Many social networking sites offers the users many applicationsÃ‚ that make them easy to get any benefit including in english language learning. The most important feature of the social networking site is the ability to give and receive feedbacks. If this feature was not there, the world of social networking would not what it is today. Any content that you post instantly starts receiving comments, likes, reviews, opinions, and additional information on that topic . By doing this, it can create discussions, sharing ideas and other communicative skills which use english as the language in the discussion.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Social networking can encourage students to upload images or videos related to the courses. Some teachers even ask their students to upload their essays and assignments on the net, analyse the feedback, and write a better one for the final class essay. It is very good activity and the process or learning and teaching will run smoothly without any barriers of place and time.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Beside advantages of social networking in education, there are also some advantages of social networking in language learning. Many researchers has conducted research on this matter and many of them conclude that social networking can be subjected to crime especially to the youth or students. Because social networking offers the users to communicate each other without any boundaries that will be used by the bad people to to do crime to the others.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨By using social networking people who is next to us because we are too busy with online internet or people who are far away becomes near because of this social networking. It means that, though the students are sitting close to each other but they are busy with their gadgets so, it is lack of social interactivity in the real life.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Networking websites can make people or especially students become very addictive. People spend more and more time at computer with makes them isolated from real life. They are wasting time at checking purposeless posts and informations. Thinking just about virtual world they canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t focus on anything and have problems at school or work.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨In the term of language proficiency, many young people write broken english words which are not found in English dictionary. Some of the use abbr eviation which sometime confusing to the others. Such as they use Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtext languageÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ in their normal day to day vocal, saying things like Ã¢â‚¬ËœlolÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (laugh out loud).Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Because mostly social networking using written context message, so sometimes students faceÃ‚ many problem when they are told to speak correct and professional English. Some are not able to form correct sentences on the spot and after making a mistake, the whole flow of the sentence and conversation breaks apart. Social networking sites, Ã¢â‚¬Å"can be a potential risk for teachers as some applications allows users to communicateÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"the content can lead to discrediting or slanderous messagesÃ¢â‚¬ . It can be happens to the teacher when they are not so aware with the threat of social networking to them. The teacher need to concern and sometimes the teacher are not so well understand about the use of social media and its advantages in the teaching and learning. And the teacher should be good in selecting the content materials if not the learning process will be just useless.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Social networking can also be subjected to an on line bullying. It may happens when a students make or post bad things, and he does not realize that it can be used by other friends at school to embarrasse him. Of course it will create bullying among the students.Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨There are some advantages and disadvantages of using social networking in education including in English language learning. It ca n encourage students to engage with each other and to express and share their creativity and can create a better English communicative environment for students. Oh the other hand, social networking is lack of humanitarian aspects and create confusing language because using slank words or abbreviation which are not found in English dictionary. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking Essay Social networking sites have become extremely popular among the youth as well as the professional people. Keeping in mind, the growing popularity of these sites and the effect it has and the benefits that it brings along, it can be easily predicted that its popularity is sure to grow much more. The social networking websites are more like the virtual meeting places where people can just chill and hang out with friends. They can discuss on different topics, share information, and exchange files and pictures. We admitted the fact that using social networking is one way to enhance our social interaction with other people. Because of our technologies there are many ways that can help our works faster and easier. However, everything has a positive and negative side. Similarly, the social networking sites are also made up of their set of advantages and disadvantages; it is a one way to communicate our distant relatives or families, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a big help for the people who needs jobs especially there are online jobs offered in social networking and also itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a way for some students who wants to finish their study due to their personal problems because there are many distance learning here in social networking. But among those advantages we can get from social networking, there are still many disadvantages that can affect to the users. Students are the one who are really affected for the disadvantages of social networking. According to the some surveyors many students are addicted to some social networking. That can lead them not to go to their classesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ hours. There are some social networkingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s that are prohibited for minor children. Because of that, the cases now for the minor children like harassment, rape and etc. are getting higher. Because some are getting influence by what they have saw or learned from that social networking. In using social networking, it must be minimal and the users should know how it affects to her /his life so that there will be no regrets at the end. Do whatever you want as long as it can lead you on a better way and a peaceful life. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking Essay Ã‚ « Vocabulary and Grammar Ã¢â‚¬â€œ An Elementary lesson for CELTA trainees at CELT Athens What steps are part of the process of designing a syllabus? What knowledge & skills do teachers need? Ã‚ » The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networks for Language Teachers Does this look familiar To Ã¢â‚¬â€œing or not to Ã¢â‚¬â€œingÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that is todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s question! One of my students asked me last month why we use the Ã¢â‚¬â€œing form for blogging, networking, computingÃ¢â‚¬ ¦..Good question! My answer? Because technology is constantly changing and plus usually these actions are constant, happen often, plus they are amusing but can be annoying Ã¢â‚¬â€œ so we use the present continuous formÃ¢â‚¬ ¦. On Wednesday 18 January, #ELTchatters wished each other a Happy New Year and got their teeth into a very stimulating chat. As language teachers, do we find these social networking platforms and services amusing or annoying Our students are already using a wide-range of social network sites and teachers are beginning to familiarize themselves with such sites, to keep up with technology but more importantly, to discuss and exchange ideas and develop as teachers. We read and write blogs, visit forums, develop Nings and Wikis, all of which are constantly changing and being updated. The #ELTchat itself is proof of thisÃ¢â‚¬ ¦.itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s fast, furious, fun and educational! We have joined ther World of Technology, for good or for bad? By the way, did you know that if Facebook was a country, it would be the third largest country in the world!!! So in the ELT world, here are the main themes from the discussion. Advantages: * There will be more pro chatters tonight as most members are keen SN users. * #ELTCHAT is one of the major advantages of SNs for teachers. * SNs have radically changed teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ lives. We will never feel alone again. * Facebook has become a professionally developing site rather than just a social network. * SN has revolutionized the way we think and opened wider perspectives. * SNs are global and 24/7. * SNs should be harnessed by 21 century teachers with enthusiasm. * Use Facebook for personal contacts and Google+ for PD. * SNs are an extension of staffroom chats with links, banter and discussions. Ã¢â‚¬ËœVirtual staffroomÃ¢â‚¬ . * #ELTchat is great as it is an Ã¢â‚¬Ëœouter of class collaborationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ discussion, as few teachers in the workplace know how to collaborate. * SNs create friends which lead to face to face meetings. * Share worksheets/mind maps for students, time-saving. * Twitter tags can inform parentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ of studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ progress. * Non-native teachers are also exposed to real language in the modern world. * SNs, like Twitter and #ELTchat are energizing! Plus, through #ElTchat, you find more people to follow! So, start following!!! Disadvantages: * All SNs are time-consuming. * Some teachers find SNs too daunting to tackle. * SNs can become addictive. They can take over your life, leaving little time for family and friends. Knowing when to stop is crucial Ã¢â‚¬â€œ try to switch off! * Replication of themes from one SN to another is annoying. * Students become obsessed in finding their teachers on FB and intrude in teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢private lives. * Privacy issues with FB AND Twitter Ã¢â‚¬â€œ do not accept people you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t know or protected accounts on Twitter. * Tweetdeck often has technical problems. Mentioned sites, platforms and services worth checking out: * http://www.edmod Secure Social Networking for Teachers * http://moodle.org/Moodle is a Course Management System (CMS), also known as a Learning Management System (LMS) or a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). It is a Free web application that educators can use to create effective online learning sites * http://www.blackboard.com/ Blackboard helps clients enrich all aspects of the education experience by engaging and assessing learners, making their daily lives more convenient and Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ * http://www.collaborizeclassroom.com/ is a free online collaborative education platform that allows students and teachers to transcend the boundaries of their physical classroom to engage in an online collaborativeÃ‚ learning environment. * http://bloggerindraft.blogspot.com/2011/08/introducing-google-scribe-in-blogger.html-an aid to write your blog! * http://aplanet-project.org/ Autonomous Personal Learning Networks For Teachers * http://www.scoop.it/t/interactive-teaching-and-learningExploration of engaging learning spaces and technologies that suppo rt them. * http://www.evernote.com/ Remember everything! * http://www.diigo.com/ To collect, highlight and remember those bookmarks! The chat went on to discuss the issue of coping with lack of time and organizing information and links shared. This lead to a variety of suggestions for bookmarking and who prefers Twitter, FB, Google+. Everyone had their own opinion! A blog challenge was proposed: @esolcourses: Best method for organizing #ELTchat bookmarks! Choose one and demo! As ever, there were some great links shared: * http://t.cohttp://evasimkesyan.edublogs.org/2012/01/18/evo-digitalstorytelling4kids-and-the-tool-of-the-week//JBbayIuc * http://learningfundamentals.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Focus.jpg How to focus in times of distraction. Excellent mind map presentation! * http://cybraryman.com/facebook.html All you need to know about SN s and your students. * http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8142721/Social-networking-teachers-blame-Facebook-and-Twitter-for-pupils-poor-grades.html * http://educationland.wordpress.com/my-worksheets/http://educationland.wordpress.com/worksheets/http:/www.facebook.com/pages/Education-Land/221436857914023http:/t.co/gzX8zGIR Share worksheet and ideas! ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the summary folks! I would like to add that I didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t mention specific names on the summary as so many people commented on this chat, so there is something from everyone!! Thanks for another energy-boosting, informative chat! Happy Social Networking!!!

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Crimes that deserve the capital punishment Essay

Nowadays when one hears about recent news, filled with constantly growing reports of crimes and atrocities he may wonder whether we live in a world where strong moral principles and justice fades. The causes of such situation may be diverse, ranging from weak and incompetent law or the state of society which promotes the pursuit of material wealth at all costs. It is often highlighted that punishment sentences are not adequate to the crimes and itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s not uncommon to see brutal and outrageous felonies penalized with a mere few years of imprisonment. That said, aside from whether these unlawful offenders manage to rehabilitate themselves, the fact that after the incarceration, the most hardened murderers and thugs are at liberty again raises doubts about the effectiveness of law and may lead certain individuals to think that they are practically unpunishable. This problem doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t concern prevailing part of the States of America, because in 32 out of 50 States the death sen tence is a possible method of dealing with the most ignoble cases of trespassing a law. Historically speaking the death sentence was a part of common English law and as such became a part of the English colonies law, but as soon as the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed and United States began to form, certain States had different views on this punishment. Offences that were penalized with it and methods of the executions also varied. The breakthrough in the judicial treatment of this matter was a case ruled in 1972, known as Furman v. Georgia. The defendant charged robbery and murder was sentenced to death, but the verdict was never carried out. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s because the opinion of court was that the current death penalty is in this case a cruel and unusual punishment. This led to the mortification of capital punishment for 4 years, until the Greg v. Georgia in 1976 and unification of the death penalty. As for now, in almost every big state, death penalty is legal. Texas is currently known as having performed the highest number of executions, which is not surprising, as it has the second highest population rate. The debate over capital punishment is continuing to this day, but is very controversial. There is a definite tendency to abolish this penalty over introducing it, as seen inÃ‚ Connecticut and Maryland. These states abolished death penalty in 2012 and 2013. The moral issue is whether it is possible for human to decide over the other human death or life, but also if certain crimes deserve the capital punishment. Again, is it really just for certain offenders to live in confinement at the expense of the taxpayers even for the rest of their lives? In my opinion the feelings of the family and close acquaintances of the victims should be taken into account. It is only natural for them to wish the dangerous murderers dead. Furthermore I think that notorious criminals and particula rly brutal killers should be sentenced to death. Another moral controversy stems from the fact that there were cases in which convicts were posthumously proven to be not guilty. The contemporary judicial process allows for such wrongful convictions but this number is statistically low. On the other hand a system which allows execution when there is even a doubt about the defendantÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s guilt can be considered inhumane and barbaric for such advanced and progressive country as the United States of America. The recent case of Troy Davis, who was believed of being innocent of murder brought much attention to the subject in 2011. The Death Penalty Information Center reported much higher than anticipated opposition to the current situation, because the American society was seen majorly as in favor of capital punishment. From the economical viewpoint the death sentence has its benefits and drawbacks. Firstly, the most felonious offenders could spend a set number of years or the rest of their lives doing the hard labor, but there is possibility that they will not work or deliberately do a bad job. Currently in the United States the penal labor is not required, b ut the convict who refused to work usually gets smaller food rations, longer sentence or other restricting sanctions. It seems like itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the good solution but would it be enough to compensate for their sustenance, particularly when they live to the old age and canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t work? Next issue is connected with the high costs of exceptionally long trials. If there is insufficient evidence about the defendant who is in the death row the law is in a fix. There is little to do in such situation unless the new methods of interrogation or criminal research become viable. To summarize, this topic offers a great number of controversies and has no easy and direct approach. In the past the capital punishment was a part of every society, but now in almost every country in the world it is abolished or under the moratorium,Ã‚ which shows that we, the human kind are progressing as a sentient and civilized beings. The United States of America is one of the most industrialized and populous countries today that still practice the death penalty, others being for example China, Japan and India. This makes one wonder if these countries can be considered civilized, but the capital punishment still has a very strong support. One of the most reasonable argument is that under the threat of the most severe consequences people will not commit crime. In the end, whether it is justifiable to take the otherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life in the name of law or not, I am in favor of such possibility and AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s approach. In my opinion there are some crimes that deserve the capital punishment.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Hampton Roads essays

Hampton Roads essays The Battle of Hampton Roads The battle of Hampton Roads often called the battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac was a naval battle (a battle fought using ships, which mainly occurred at sea.) The American Civil war taking place from March 8 to March 9 off Sewells Point a place near Hampton Roads, Virginia. There were a total of five ships engaged in the battle. From the US Navy, there were four ships, the USS Congress, USS Minnesota, USS Cumberland, and the USS Monitor. The CS Navy had only one ship the CSS Merrimack. On March 8, 1862 when the first Confederate ironclad steamed down the Elizabeth River into Hampton Roads to attack the wooden sided USS Cumberlands. After ramming and sinking the twenty four gun wooden Cumberland the Merrimac headed for the fifty-gun frigate Congress. The Merrimac fired shots into the Congress with terrific aim while the shots from the congress hit the iron without any injury. The result of the first day of fighting proved the superiority of iron over wood. The next day the U.S.S Monitor arrived on the scene prepared with iron against iron. The Confederate ironclad carried more guns than the Union monitor, but it was very slow, clumsy, and had many engine problems. The Union was the fastest ironclad but it lack rebels and power. Since bot h ships we iron neither one of them had any greater power over each other. Neither ironclad seriously damaged the other in their one day of fighting. The results of the battle were inconclusive, neither side could claim victory. The Union lost about 409 sailors and the Confederacy lost about 24 sailors. ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Top Challenges Faced by Administrative Assistants

Top Challenges Faced by Administrative Assistants Heres the bottom line- great administrative assistants can be effective, invaluable employees in whatever work settings they find themselves in.Why? Because theyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re aware of the most common challenges that theyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ll likely face at work and come equipped with the tools needed to overcome them. Here areÃ‚ the 12 challenges that administrative assistants often face.Administrative assistants are no strangers to difficult personalities. From tough bosses to prickly coworkers and touchy clients and everyone in between, good assistants can survive any personality crisis- while great assistants conquer and thrive by using their cool heads and witty charm. Another hurdle is dealing with the perception that this is a low-level position. The truth is, administrative assistants are often experienced, highly capable professionals who sometimes have to fight for the respect they deserve. Just because they are often expected to clean up other peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s messes around the office (a nother challenge), doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t mean theyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re only capable of throwing out the garbage.Administrative assistants also have to face the perception that they exist to fix any office problem that arises under the sun. Leaky faucet? Broken copier? Roaches in the office kitchen? A great assistant often has to face the fact that their bosses might rely on them for every little thing. This also includes three other hurdles- being expected to know everything- even small details of conversations they arenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t part of, being blamed for anything that goes wrong, and always being expected to be available. A great administrative assistant knows that he or she will likely have to deal with and overcome these hurdles, while showing grace under pressure.Another result of being an indispensible Ã¢â‚¬Å"go-toÃ¢â‚¬ person around the office is the expectation that coworkers and bosses can go to you for help at any time. This means that their privacy is often encroached upon and their desk s are often used freely by all manner of office traffic. These two hurdles can be tough to deal with, but great administrative assistants figure out strategic ways for handling these in stride.When the work piles up, administrative assistants are often expected to roll up their sleeves and do whatever it takes to get the job done.This often means forgoing things like lunch breaks or afternoon stretches. When youÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re stuck at your desk, a lack of physical activity can be a real challenge, but a worthy administrative assistant can figure it out. Furthermore, the level of public exposure and involvement administrative assistants often have around the office sometimes means that theyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re the butt of office jokes, underappreciated, and underpaid- all tough challenges that great administrative assistants find a way around or through.Get to know these 12 common hurdles, be prepared, overcome them, and be the killer administrative assistant that your boss dreams about.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Strategic Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Human Resource Planning - Essay Example The researcher states that the organisations in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s competitive era have realized the importance of human and capital management because both are considered critical for the achievement of long term and short term goals. The HR managers are now focusing on employing right people, at the right position and at the right time with the right set of skills, knowledge and abilities. Shift from personnel management to human resource has called for innovation and change and thus, keeping this in view, organisations are inclined towards strategic human resource planning as the ultimate solution of the challenges being faced by them in this competitive era. Strategic human resource planning is a process in which organisations ensure that the right people are employed with the right skill set. It is ensured that the desired set of behaviour have been developed in them through employee training or development. Organisations probe into these factors to get to know whether their employe e developmental programs are such that can easily lead to the achievement of organisational goals and objectives or they need to employ such people that can lead to successful completion of tasks. Human resource planning refers to identifying and analysing the availability of human resources for the purpose of ensuring whether an organisation can achieve its intended goals and objectives. It is a complex process and requires specialized skills in the field of planning because it relies heavily on identifying the right set of people with the right skill set. ... It allows managers to evaluate whether they have the right set of people with the right skill set to pursue their organisational strategy. Secondly, it envisioned managers regarding firmsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ resources both financial and human capital because these are two of the most important resources that help in the execution of the strategies once they have been devised by the concerned executives. Strategic Human Resource Plan Managers at Jim Cleaning aim at linking their strategic planning process with human resource planning because they are aware of the fact that employees are valuable assets of any organisation and thus, it is required that there should be a proper strategic HR plan devised that depicts a guideline for the employees as to how to move towards achieving their organisational goals and objectives. According to (Snell &Bohlander, 48), following are the steps involved in developing a Strategic HR plan and keeping in view steps the managers at Jim Cleaning proposed for the HR strategic plan. Step 1: Analysing mission, vision and core values The first step involved in developing strategic HR plan is to develop mission and vision statement. Mission statement shows the purpose of existence of the organisation whereas the vision statement shows that what an organisation aspires to become in near future. These statements help organisations to develop their strategic goals and objectives whereas the core values of an organisation provide managers with principles and beliefs that aid them in decision making process. Step 2: Environmental Scanning The second step involved in developing strategic HR plan is environmental screening. Managers at Jim Cleaning are very much concerned regarding

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Polyprod Change Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Polyprod Change Management - Assignment Example Polyprod is a multinational company that designs; develops, manufactures and markets various high-tech products for both commercial and home use. The firm has been in operation for the last eleven years and has been experiencing exponential growth. The companies has it's headquarter at the United States and several centers located at Canada, Asia, Europe and Africa. The central or the headquarter division managers all the other centers in different location though the other centers have autonomy to make decisions. The firm has an elaborate and highly automated manufacturing process that allows for the huge production and makes the system operate at high speeds, intricacy and produce massive volume of the products sold. The designs are created at the headquarters while the production takes place at various aforementioned locations to exploit cheap labour and maximize on profits. The products manufactured are of high quality and must pass the quality control tests. In spite of all the success experienced by the company, there are many organizational problems hampering the growth of the firm. Some of these factors include organizational and leadership problems, resistance to changes in organizational culture, rapid organizational growth, documentation and human resources problems In the wake of these issu... The central or the headquarter division managers all the other centers in different location though the other centers have autonomy to make decisions. The firm has an elaborate and highly automated manufacturing process that allows for the huge production and makes the system operate at high speeds, intricacy and produce massive volume of the products sold. The designs are created at the headquarters while the production takes place at various aforementioned locations to exploit cheap labour and maximize on profits. The products manufactured are of high quality and must pass the quality control tests. In spite of all the success experienced by the company, there are many organizational problems hampering the growth of the firm. Some of these factors include organizational and leadership problems, resistance to changes in organizational culture, rapid organizational growth, documentation and human resources problems In the wake of these issues, the company hired an external consultant to streamline and improve the impeding management, organizational and leadership issues. The consultant will also make decisions on ways of improving the manufacturing and distribution division at Polyprod. 1.2 Problem statement The rapid development in Polyprod in the past 11 years has resulted to the company experiencing severe problems in the following main areas Inefficient and ineffective management and leadership practices The firm's unable to monitor the number of locations, sales, product lines and capital equipment which have increased exponentially. Polyprod Lacks proper personnel support systems such as information and knowledge management system. The firm has also hired temporary and in-experienced personnel who cannot handle and manage the growing

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Methodology - Essay Example Finally, one has to note what one is likely to Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ã¢â‚¬ËœconcludeÃ¢â‚¬ in terms of the research problem and oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hypothesis (an early conclusion in other words). All this goes into a brief and concise introduction, to be termed Ã¢â‚¬Å"IntroductionÃ¢â‚¬ and/or Ã¢â‚¬Å"AbstractÃ¢â‚¬ , of the proposed research. To illustrate the research process thus described, I shall in the following adopt the perspective of anthropology, the science of culture, as an example of a an inductive, empirical social science with appropriate methods to tackle social science research questions Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Literature Review Having thus described the contents of the proposal, one now turns to these items, one by one, beginning with a focused analysis of relevant literary sources and notions in order to answer the research question. The review reflects Ã¢â‚¬Å"the state of the artÃ¢â‚¬ regarding knowledge of the research topic. The review will highlight various issues that are particularly relevant to solving the identified research problem. Setting and Sample: Next, one describes the setting and/or sample size. Depending upon oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s choice of research problem one describes the setting which, when social science research is conducted, may be a community (e.g., affluent, middle-class, poor), an institution (e.g., a school, a bank), a neighbourhood, street corners, a slum, etc. (Hannerz, 2007). Based upon this choice, a sample is defined. One may want to work with a small, large, partial or complete sample, a random selection, a certain quota or a representative sample. The economic anthropologist Polly Hill studied cocoa faming and development in southern Ghana. She used maps and air photography to define her sample (Hill, 1963). This may seem an extreme choice, but it isnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t for an anthropologist conducting research in a non-Western setting. Methodology 1. Induction-Deduction Research, the search for knowledge and problem-solving, is a process whereby one continua lly adds to knowledge (Ellen, 1984). By this understanding, research is an ongoing process. There are, however, certain procedures to be followed and standards to be adhered to, be they of an Ã¢â‚¬Å"inductiveÃ¢â‚¬ (experimental: Ã¢â‚¬Å"arriving at a theory based on factsÃ¢â‚¬ ) or Ã¢â‚¬Å"deductiveÃ¢â‚¬ (Ã¢â‚¬Å"facts are organized to match theoryÃ¢â‚¬ ) nature. Based on this division, one arrives at a Ã¢â‚¬Å"positivisticÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"relativistic stanceÃ¢â‚¬ , resulting in a contrast of Ã¢â‚¬Å"explanationÃ¢â‚¬ (deduction, positivism) and Ã¢â‚¬Å"understandingÃ¢â‚¬ (induction, relativism) (Manners and Kaplan, 1968; Alexander, 1983; Gellner, 1985). Within anthropology and with its emphasis on induction and empirical research, the contrast between induction and deduction has been conceptualized as two modes of inquiry that are opposed to one another. The renowned anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski advocated 90 years ago long-term immersion in the research site chosen and the use of a set of qualitative methods, considered suitable to such an approach (Malinowski, 1922). Since the nineteen twenties and MalinowskiÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s statement, the tension of deduction and induction is thought of as contrast between the natural sciences, such as biology, insisting on distance, and the human and social sciences stressing the value of experience-nearness. The contrast has been exemplified by the different emphases placed upon

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Diversity Management In Coca Cola

Diversity Management In Coca Cola With the globalization of trade and investment, organizations are increasingly faced with diversity in their workforce. Firm gets more internationalized, both with implantation abroad and by trade with companies in different countries. With the rapid progress in the field of communication it is now possible to meet in real time with people of different nationalities around the same project. These changes lead to complex relationship with new clients, suppliers, employees and other stakeholders of cultures. The rebirth of the influence of intercultural in management is in fact quiet recent. Whatever your work, the meeting of different cultures is a daily reality in a growing number of companies. In fact many companies have indeed understood the cultural diversity of their customer, which called diversity in the ranks of their own employees. This diversification strategy of human international resources in company is to better meet the expectations of its customers, to enhance its brand image and its legitimacy, a vital condition if it wants to remain competitive. Moreover diversity allows increasing productivity and innovation making easier the resolution of problems. Diversity leads to ethnicity, and ethnic diversity implies heterogeneity in languages, religions, races and cultures. If years ago we talked about multidisciplinary team which aggregate different professionals skills, the differences are now more prominent in multicultural team. Multicultural teams require close collaboration between individuals belief, value, and opposite behavior. The difficulties for the team increase since the differences are not only about professional dimensions but also about values and individuals standards. It is necessary to precise that kind of intercultural relationship can also be a source of incomprehension, misunderstanding, and can quickly cause tension. In this configuration the role of the manager is not only to perform his own work but also to both prevent damage and ensure harmony in his team in matter to increase the efficiency. Consequently, the effective composition or diversity of teams and the way to manage them has become an interesting topic of research in the last few years. THE MULTICULTURAL TEAM: WHAT IS IT? Multiculturalisms notion As a concept and policy, multiculturalism has been developed in the United States and Canada. It refers to the institutional recognition of multiple cultural identities, ethnic or social within the same society. It recognizes the legitimacy of these identities, their ability to transform, and rejects the assimilation process which is generally called principle of monoculturalism. Multiculturalism is a major social phenomenon, both a source of enrichment and conflict, especially in a world of globalization with high mobility generated including migration, legal or not. Of course, our world is multicultural. Nowadays, almost all countries are multicultural, due to migration and the symbolic presence of other cultures (such as consumerism, individualism and materialism). Many individuals are also multicultural. To have an example, we can take the case of the inhabitants of Eastern Spain which are fully bilingual in Spanish and Catalan, two languages Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the Iberian Peninsula. In our business case, multiculturalism refers to a community or a team with members which have different cultures. We talk about cultural diversity. Multiculturalism focuses on two important points which are interactions and communication between the various cultures in order to achieve a common goal and to be efficient (among others) Definition of a multicultural team Before giving a definition of multicultural team we should see what a team is. A team: it may be defined as a collaboration of two or more people who work together to achieve common goals. A team is a set of characters having complementary specific skills united by one or several common objectives among which each feels mutually responsible. According to Mister Schermerhorn (Managing organizational behavior author), a team: Is a natural phenomenon within the organization Has a beneficial effect on the individuals and the organization Stimulates the innovation and the creativity Allows, in different situations, a better decision-making Obtains from members that they make a commitment to apply the decisions which are taken in common. Teams are good for both organizations and their members, helping to accomplish important tasks and to maintain a high-quality workforce. A teamwork: A teamwork is collaboration between internal or external actors to the company to reach a common goal. The conception of these teams can answer different objectives: decision-making, development of activities, coordination Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With a working team, company can: Problems solving Accomplish tasks faster Healthy competition Developing Relationships Teamwork has many advantages such as the effect of synergy, motivation or support. These effects resulted from good exchanges between colleagues. In a team work, everybody brings its own qualities and skills. It permits to the team to be more efficient in a work. With a team, it is also easier to generate creativity through sharing skills and ideas of each. However, its members must be mindful of the importance of internal communication, time management and especially respect for others. Teamwork requires a lot of patience and take into account the opinions and advice of other members. To define what a multicultural team is, we must first understand the difference between this team and the monocultural team. In a monocultural team, members arise from the same social and cultural context. They share the same values, style of communication and language. Generally, they also have the same management. It is not really the same thing in a multicultural team. Indeed, in this type of team, members come from various cultural contexts, different country. Members have fewer elements in common compare to a monocultural team. Due to their nationality and thus their culture, they dont have the same perception of the teamwork. This difference can have an important impact on the organization. The work with this type of team can be factor of productivity. However, if the team is not well managing, this work can also drive to differences of opinion, tensions and conflicts. These points will be developed a little further in the report. (See section II.1 and II.2) Different type of team. Multicultural team is a general term, but to be more precise we can define different type of multicultural team. Token team : In this case, everybody has the same nationality, the same culture and speaks the same language, except one. This can turn out to be a problem because this one will not have necessarily same interpretation, same solutions as the other teams members. Being in minority, this person is not sure that his opinion has a lot of impact. Bicultural team : Only two cultures are present in this team. This type of team is formed generally following a fusion, an alliance or following a joint-venture. A bicultural team has very often a big potential of synergies but also conflicts because there is always a part which want to be in a strong position. This one is then going to impose more its ideas, strategies, working mode and its language. Feelings of superiority and inferiorities are frequent, as well as a competition between both. It is necessary to be careful to set up clear and accepted rules of functioning by all the team members and to appoint a leader who has a big multicultural sensibility to well manage the team. Multicultural team: It is about the most current shape. The members come from at least three different cultures. Contrary to the bicultural teams, the problem of power and the competition is less important. The members propose a multitude of ideas, strategies and working modes and seem to adapt more easily. We often speak about intercultural courtesy. A common language (generally English) and a leader (often stemming from the culture of the warehouse) are more easily chosen and accepted. Virtual Multicultural Team: Traditionally teamwork is together, at the same time, at the same place. People physically meet. Now with the new technologies of information and communication, in particular Internet, the teams work at a distance on a precise project and can so gather resources, skillsÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the whole without moving! Thats why they are called virtual multicultural team. The main benefits to the organization are initially greater efficiency due to economies of transport, reducing office space, or the reduced cost in labor when wages are adjusted to the local market. Another advantage is having access to a pool of human resources who are familiar with the areas in which they operate. On the organizational level, the most important problem is certainly the loss of synergy that usually results by exchanges between colleagues. Performance is not always there: skills and knowledge are more easily scattered. The team development is an additional challenge due to the distance and lack of contact between the members. On the individual level, learning opportunities, often related to sharing experiences with others, are reduced in a virtual operation. It allows also a considerable saving of time. We say that with this social structure the 24 hours of day can be completely used. Indeed, the Japanese manager who will have worked 8 hours on the project can then pass on it to his colleague in Spain. He will spend also 8 hours there and to pass on the whole to the American colleague, which, when he will have finished, will pass on transmit again his work to the Japanese colleague. Thanks to the time difference! How build your team? A multicultural team is more effective than a monocultural one, but you will have to pick different profiles or your team will be inefficient. The planner: he will bring his methods to make the team effective. He will be able (when its needed) to refocus the debates and the goals. The federator: he will unify the team and use every skill at its best. The innovator: he will suggest ideas to the group and propose original solutions. The network member: he will help the team by using his external partners. The impartial member: he will analyze and evaluate ideas, and he will be critical. The facilitator: he will listen to his mates, make the work easier by increasing communication, and keep cohesion when the team is in troubles. The guarantor: he will maintain the team on its goal and prevent from mistakes. The motor: he will be dynamic and focus the attention on the main issues. You dont have the obligation to have one of each in your team, bu you have to be sure that you have varied profile. When you decide to build up a multicultural team, you will have to wonder some questions, and try to answer, taking into account specificities of your colleagues. At the beginning, you will have to define your goal, what is it, how precisely you have to reach it, what are the objectives, how can you measure themÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by taking into account specificities: some person will focus on goals, others on process, some may have more consideration for status other will look at skills,Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You also have to focus on your priority: time, quality, or budget. After that you have to structure the mission and fix the matter of agenda, the importance of deadline (are they fixed? Does it matter if there a lateness? What happens if deadline are not respected?), the role of every member (Should there be a leader? How should he be chosen? Who needs to be at which meeting?). This was for the creation of your team. Then you will have to manage it, you will have to choose the time you will take to social activities and workshops to build the team spirit, which is the language of your group (and how you deal with the gap of knowledge in this language). To perform your group to work effectively you have to promote some means of communication and the computing format you are waiting for. You also have at the deal with conflicts as a manager: why are there conflict? Who are the protagonists? At the end of your mission you will have to evaluate performances of your team. You have to decide when you will do it, how you will take account feedback, how you show them your report (individually, or not) To answer all these questions you have to know how they are usually working: the size of the hierarchy, if they are always working all together or if they are sharing work and then working on their ownÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You have to understand the way they follow rules, the importance they tend to human contact, if they are more individual collective. THE PROS CONS OF A MULTICULTURAL TEAM Why to set up a multicultural team? The first reason is to answer to the evolution of our world economic. Everybody knows that the internationalization became major for the companies which wish to remain in the competition. Be present on a new market, to merge with other companies, to develop joint venture on unknown territories Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ here is so many reasons which incite the company to master the cultural dimension. Furthermore, we note that the pressure of the environment and the competition encourages companies to turn to the international by hiring employees who come from diverse countries and have different culture. Indeed, many are the companies which have to go out of their national frame to face a strong competition and to develop their activities. Companies so gradually became multicultural groups where express themselves the social and cultural characteristics of the diverse nationalities which compose it. One of the main advantages of the cultural diversity would be the obtaining of synergies due to the creative mix of the various cultural approaches in the resolution of given problems (technical, commercial, human). Studies showed that the multicultural teams often allow a better resolution of problems considered as complexes, thanks to their cultural diversity. The cultural diversity becomes consequently a fundamental axis of the management of companies. Multicultural teams constitute a strategic force. They allow combining and developing synergies with a view to progress, original solutions in terms of strategies and skills. Innovation and anticipating changes are at the heart of the achievements of multicultural teams. In an optical marketing, multicultural teams develop a facility to adapt to the local markets evolution as well as political and legal differences. (By contacting the specific cultural) Theory. At first, there is this equation: Actuel productivity = potential productivity losses due to faulty process When you manage a multicultural team, the potential productivity is higher than a regular team, and the potential productivity is also constant. What the manager can influence is the losses due to faulty process; this one only depends on the manager skills. If he fails to make his team work as one, losses due to faulty process will be higher than the increase of the productivity linked to the multicultural aspect. How do cultural differences improve the competitiveness of a company? Different points of view lead to different opinion First of all, diversity team have different cultures and different ways of mind, thats why they will settle issues faster than usual teams, especially when these problems are complex. When they every member of an multicultural team meet each other, they have to open their mind to accept their differences and to go through to build relationships. Thats why they will also fit faster with new components and new issues: because they are more open to originality. Due to their varied backgrounds members will create more ideas, more inventive alternatives, more arguments. As a manager of a globalized company you should also notice that multicultural team will make product that will fit to all your clients (from China to Europe, and South America) Different point of view avoid groupthink Furthermore, diversity able a team to avoid Groupthink which is a major source of ineffectiveness in a team: Groupthink is the fact that every body in a team think in the same way. This kind of team will have neither creativeness nor originality. They are many symptoms of groupthink: overestimating the teams power and morality, closed mindedness, pressure toward uniformity Compared with monocultural team, multicultural counterparts are less likely to engage in this counterproductive behavior because they will note subconsciously limit their mind, or if they do so, they would not have the same limit since they dont have the same culture. Groupthink leads to many problems. Self censoring: people wont express their ideas if there are too innovative, in order to stay in the majority and in the consensus. An illusion of unanimity: since every member will think that his colleagues are sharing his point of view; they wont be any debate and no exchange of ideas. The team wont be able to take into consideration every detail, every risk, every weakness of a new project and it will lead to a failure. People may also feel more pressure on their shoulder which will create stress and less efficiency. What are the difficulties? At first, when you create your team, you have to build the team to create a spirit between your teammates. Its the most difficult parts and the most important one, if you succeed then your team will be very efficient but if you fail, you will have to deal with mistrust, miscommunication, and stress. How to build up a team spirit? When you build up an multicultural team, you will have to face stereotypes and clichÃƒ ©s. If you dont want it to poison your team and make it unable to work united, you will have to do things to make your co-worker trust each other. The first thing is to make your member meet each other, talk to each other, open their mind to other culture and make them accept differences. We are always using more distance communication like phone and email. Some members of your team may see each other only twice a year. But it is really important to make them speech together, because its much harder to build a relationship through electronic devices. Some managers may find it useless to waste time just to chat about our life, but you better have to lose a few hours now than many days later (because you chain of command failed,Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). This time of speech may also help the manager (aka you) to understand the habits of work of his colleagues. The relation they have with their boss, the way they take decisions, the way they try to reach their goalsÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If you want to be a good manager and to understand their acts, you have to know these things. Otherwise you may get angry at one of your team member for no reaso n (like Gavin in the video who ask his Chinese colleagues to hurry up, but it is his boss that he should have asked). Every culture has a different value of the time and its implication, the influence of authority, different behavior toward riskÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ To build your team you can use several tools: Workshop: to make people speech to each other about value they share, or hobbies they have in common. Its important for them to see that they have similarities. But avoid some conflict themes like religion, politics, and dont talk about work. Serious game: As its a game, people will have less pressure on their shoulders, but they will learn to work as a team, they will solve problems (even if its not real cases). And its also a way (for the manager) to know the role of each member of the team (who naturally try to lead, who is the facilitatorÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) and it will be useful for the rest of the mission (to delegate work more efficiently). Outside activities: many companies offer activities their employees (week end of fishing, or trip to a ski stationÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). For most of them its even obligatory to do their assertiveness training every year. Advantages of these activities are that they make people meet out of work, with no pressure, just to talk about their life, so they will understand their colleagues more easily and their work will be improved. On the other side these activities are very expensive, but manager should take into consideration benefits due to an increase of productivity after these activities. During these activities, your goal is to create links between your teammates, but you should take care to downward slides: dont take any risk of accidents, incidents arising from alcohol, romantic relations between staff (whether extra-marital or not)Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If you dont succeed to build up your team spirit it will lead you to other problems. Problems of mistrust are generally due to a poor knowledge of your team member. If you dont know enough his culture it will lead to misunderstanding. Since he is from a different country with a different background, he also has other habits and you should take it into account and not consider it as if it was the reaction of someone of your own culture (for example, when an Indian is acknowledging authority, he is looking down, what European and American can perceive as a lack of trustworthiness). Risks link to mistrust are a bad communication between member, an inaccuracy of stereotypes, and it will lead to less efficiency in your team. In your team, people from the same country may speak their native language when they are together, but as the manager, you have to be sure about the common language of your team. To avoid problems of miscommunication you have to be sure that every document is in the same language. You also have to be sure that people dont stay with those from the same country. These two worries will make the team less efficient as the team will be split in many pieces. This could slow the information between every member of the team; you will have translation problems and redundancies due to a lack of communication. Finally, as an international manager you have to be sure that all these methods and way to work doesnt stress your partners. Some people, who dont have the habits to work in a multicultural team, may feel a bit overwhelmed. Stress may also be linked to a lack of integration of its members. Then, they might have the feeling to work alone or perceive the other members as competitors. This would imply counterproductive behavior (such as retention of information) or tension between your team mates Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory We will now talk about Geert Hofstede a social psychologist and a Dutch anthropologist who study the interactions between cultures. He has been awarded many times for his research on the interactions between cultures in the world. One of his achievements is the establishment of a theory of cultural dimensions provides a evaluation of the differences between nations and cultures. According to him, there is nothing like a universal management method or management theory, valid throughout the world. The theory was one of the first that could be quantified, and could be used to explain observed differences between cultures. It has inspired a number of other major cross-cultural studies of values, as well as research on other aspects of culture, such as social beliefs. Hofstede has found most of its data on cultural values through global surveys conducted by IBM, an American company specializing in technology and consulting. The theory is based on the idea that the value can be placed on six cultural dimensions: Power distance: Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This dimension analyses the feelings of people. A low score in power distance indicates a culture expects and accepts that power relations are democratic and that its members are perceived as equal. A high score means that the members of society who have less power accept their condition and realize the existence of a form of hierarchical position. Individualism vs collectivism: The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. This dimension has no political connotations and makes more reference to the group than the individual. Individualistic cultures give importance to the achievement of personal goals. In collectivist society, the groups goals and well-being have greater value than the individual. Uncertainty avoidance index: a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This dimension measures how a company handles situations unknown, unexpected events and anxiety about change. Cultures that have a high index are less tolerant in term of change while companies whose index is low are more open to change, have fewer rules and laws, and guidelines are more flexible. Masculinity vs femininity: The distribution of emotional roles between the genders. This dimension measures the level of importance a culture places to male stereotypes values such as confidence, ambition, power and materialism, as well as feminine stereotypes values such as the emphasis on human relations. Long-term orientation vs short term orientation: called Confucian dynamism. In the long term: values oriented towards the future, as to save money and be persistent. Short term: values oriented towards the past and the present, like respect for tradition and fulfilling its social commitments. Pleasure vs moderation: This dimension measures the ability of a culture to meet immediate needs and personal desires of its members. To understand management in a country, you should have the knowledge and empathy with the local society as a whole. However, the point of the unique statistical study that Hofstede conducted should warn everyone that people in other countries may think, feel, and act very differently, even when they are confronted with basic problems. Hofstede emphasizes that cultural dimensions are only a framework for evaluating a given culture, and guide to a better HOW TO MANAGE A MULTICULTURAL TEAM? Multicultural Managements notion The difference between people has always existed even if all of them come from the same country. For example even in a small country like France, you can feel diversity. People from the north can be easily compared with German people, and the ones that live in the south have a whole different mentality that can fit with the Spanish one. And that can also be found in a smaller range, just like a family! Everyone isnt the same, there are male/female and among these two parts, you can also find diversity if you look the characteristic of each individuals, it can be very different. You can take the example of teachers. They are dealing with young people, and they can come from all around the world as easily as if they belonged to the neighborhood. It could be that most of them are too young to have already a strong culture and strong differences, but the teacher can already feel it. After all its a management job too! In fact, multicultural management -that is more global- is the same as in monocultural management -neighborhood student- with even more diversity because difference rate can increase a lot, when we put together people that come from all around the world. As already said before, if you have to deal with people with a high rate of diversity, you will need to prevent all the problems that could come from the origin of stereotypes that comes from every culture. Thats why, if someone ask us what is Multicultural team management is really about. We wont hesitate saying that it is about Management! Once we have agreed with that, we can focus on the diversity/Multicultural side of it. And now we will talk about some key points that need to be correctly filled to work efficiently in multicultural groups. Or in other words, what behavior should have a good Multicultural manager. What vision a good Multicultural Manager should have ? To work efficiently with a multicultural group and having the best productivity, the manager should follow some different rules. His attitude is essential for the best cohesion in the team. Human Resources should never judge the new potential employee according to a physical aspect. It has been proved that judging physically the people in a team wont maximize the effectiveness of the group. This service should not judge the people according to his origin, but only on his abilities. To maximize team effectiveness, members should be selected homogeneous in ability level (thus facilitate accurate communication) and heterogeneous in attitudes (thus ensuring a wide range of solutions to problems) Its called the Task-Related Selection. Indeed you can compare that effect to the effect of Synergy. Synergy in terms of management and in relation to team working refers to the combined effort of individuals as participants of the team. Positive or negative synergy can exist. The condition that exists when the organizations parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Concept_of_synergy) Thus to sum up in an example, according to what is written upper, it would be a great idea to bring people that have nothing in common to work as a team to get the biggest variety of characteristics. Such as a team composed with: Physically Differences: boys, girls, young, old, pretty and ugly Background Differences: Asian, European, American and African. Values/Opinion Differences etc. However, as strange as it can seems in the first hand, people should maximize their cultural difference in the team. Be careful that team should not act as if the team was a monocultural one. Indeed, If diversity is ignored it will lead to a dead-end and the productivity will be lower. The manager has to form all of the people in the group to avoid ignorance of the cultural difference and so lead them