The American Disability Act, ADA

Acquaintance According with the American Disability Act, ADA is a demonstration which depends on the reason that a business who has at least 15 representatives guarantees that they give sensible settlement to those workers or people who have disabilities.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on The American Disability Act, ADA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this is except if those handicaps would be considered to achieve or cause undue difficulty. Basically, sensible settlement is a change that follows changes in the workplace which is generally planned for helping an individual who has got incapacities to fit in. Case One According to the ADA, a business must guarantee that the sensible convenience game plans are made for the representative with incapacities. This ought to guarantee that the representative can be in a place of doing the basic elements of the activity. In this way, if a business is in a place of altering t he job’s necessity structure or structure which will cause the business saw difficulties and simultaneously guarantee that a representative who has got handicaps to work, at that point it is foremost that the difference in the activity ought to be made. For this situation, Hand meets the legitimate meaning of a certified person who has an inability. This is on the grounds that he can't have the option to complete a few assignments inside the expected set of responsibilities on account of the predominant conditions with respect to his wellbeing condition. As indicated by the ADA, the business ought to be in a situation to guarantee that he makes conditions or open doors for representatives like Hand to work. This suggests it is the obligation of the business to make such conditions. Case two The LMRA is a condensing which represents Labor Management Relations Act. This is a government law which directs the sort of relationship that exists between the businesses and the represe ntatives or the laborers. This law looks to bring a harmony between the regarding rights and needs businesses and workers. This is especially in accordance with compensation, issues to do with aggregate dealing and the working states of the representatives. The release from obligation of Dale and Brady was an infringement of segment 8(a) (1) and (3) of the LMRA. This is on the grounds that the release was coordinated towards the impedance and restriction which was coordinated against aggregate movement. Also, the activity taken by their manager was prejudicial in nature since it endeavored to demoralize any type of help for the aggregate development of a union.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on business corporate law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Essentially, rather than the business trying to sack the workers, it ought to have tried to explain the remain of the administration as to the issues which were bein g raised by Dale and Brady. This would have come about into a typical understanding considering the subject which was nearby. The choice by JTI to grant just 50% of the wellbeing reward cash accessible to its truck drivers was unlawful. This is on the grounds that it was a choice which was shown up at without taking into contemplations the interests of the laborers. The laborers were not counseled in this manner the move may be viewed as authoritarian and non just. References Holley, W., Kenneth, J., Roger, W. (2011). The Labor Relations Process. California: Cengage Learning. Wolters, R., William, H. (1988). Work relations:an experiential and case approach. New York: Dryden Press. This contextual analysis on The American Disability Act, ADA was composed and put together by client Amanda Roach to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Tinnitus Essay Research Paper Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

Tinnitus Essay, Research Paper Clarified Bibliography: Tinnitus Goebel, Gerhard ; Rief, Winfried ; Wise, Karen. 1998. Meeting the standpoints of ceaseless tinnitus patients: Comparison of an organized gathering treatment plan for tinnitus heading with an occupation work trip gathering. Diary of Psychosomatic Research. 44 ( 6 ) . 681-685 A treatment called tinnitus heading treatment or TMT was created using considerations of psychological conduct treatment for two distinct gatherings. One-hundred fourty-four patients suffering signifier tinnitus matured 19-74 mature ages were treated with this TMT contrasted and an ordinary kind of employment work trip bunch treatment. The patients self-appraised themselves on how accommodating every mediation was in covering with life occupations each piece great as how sincerely they felt that were being dealt with and taken truly. These self-evaluations helped experts find that the TMT treatment worked better for these patients in get bying with all the aspects of tinnitus. Anderson, Gerhard. 1997. Foremost mediations in a gathering of tinnitus wiped out people looking for intercession. We will compose a custom paper test on Tinnitus Essay Research Paper Annotated Bibliography or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 66 ( 2 ) . 107-110. Four gatherings were acquired from 69 tinnitus debilitated people matured 22-76 mature ages to look for and delineate the hurt they experience dependent on the off chance that they have had mediation or non. The four gatherings were: non mediation ( 24 individuals ) , stylostixis ( 19 individuals ) , unwinding ( 13 individuals ) , different intercessions. ( 13 individuals ) . These individuals were approached to rate shortcoming, limit with respect to leftover portion, agreeableness of adjustment, passionate impacts, hearing and capacity to dismiss using the Tinnitus Effect Questionaire. The solitary significant distinction that was found was that the untreated gathering had more adequacy for adjustment. Hegel, Mark T ; Martin, John B. 1998. Conduct mediation of pulsative tinnitus and concern following horrendous caput harms: Objective polygraphic examination of modification. Conduct Modification. 22 ( 4 ) . Pg. 5 63-573 This study was done on a 37 twelvemonth old male that had a horrendous caput harmed. He was assessed and gotten through social mediation that incorporated a polygraphic examination of vasomotor guide in addition to other things. Way of life modifications and social adjustments helped in both activity and computing out the fundamental physiology that identifies with tinnitus. Anderson, Gerhard ; Larsen, Hans-Christian. 1997. Intellectual social intercession of tinnitus in otosclerosis: A case study. Social and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 25. 79-82 A male patient matured 52 mature ages with an ear malady ( otosclerosis ) had side effects that included tinnitus which caused him evident physiological hurt. The doctors found that the tinnitus that he had was pressure prompted and had encountered invasions which appeared to be appallingly painful. He was given 10 Sessionss of an intellectual social treatment plan and was tried when to happen results. These outcomes demonstrated that the invasions turned out to be less continuous, simpler to oversee, and diminished aggravation, which in twist helped him show signs of improvement. Erlandsson, Soly I. 1998. Mental direction in a clinical setting-some clinical delineations given by patients with tinnitus and Meneire # 8217 ; s ailment. Global Journal for the Advancement of Counseling. 20 ( 4 ) . 265-276. Reding patients with Meniere # 8217 ; s sickness demonstrated that a protective reaction to tinnitus or Meniere # 8217 ; s malady caused a territory of disfunction and that their mental adjustment was prevented. A portion of the patients thought that it was difficult to try and talk about the principal attack that they encountered of the tinnitus and Meniere # 8217 ; s ailment. The advisors inferred that the ground these individuals are looking to happen help is on the grounds that they fear persevering through a psychological disengagement. They wear # 8217 ; t trust it has a lot to make with the physical infection, so specializers need to come at it from a mental position.

Understanding the Role of Freuds Superego

Understanding the Role of Freud's Superego Theories Personality Psychology Print Understanding the Role of Freuds Superego By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 01, 2019 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality, the superego is the component of personality composed of the internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and society. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically. When Does the Superego Develop? In Freuds theory of psychosexual development, the superego is the last component of personality to develop. The id is the basic, primal part of personality, that is present from birth. Next, the ego begins to develop during the first three years of a childs life. Finally, the superego starts to emerge around the age of five. The ideals that contribute to the formation of the superego include not just the morals and values that we have learned from our parents, but also the ideas of right and wrong that we acquire from society and the culture in which we live. The  Parts of the Superego In psychology, the superego can be further divided into two components: the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego ideal is the part of the superego that includes the rules and standards for good behaviors. These behaviors include those that are approved of by parental and other authority figures. Obeying these rules leads to feelings of pride, value, and accomplishment. Breaking these rules can result in feelings of guilt. The ego ideal is often thought of as the image we have of our ideal selvesâ€"the people we want to become. It is this image we hold up as the ideal individual, often modeled after people that we know, that we hold up as the standard of who we are striving to be. The conscience is composed of the rules for which behaviors are considered bad. When we engage in actions that conform to the ego ideal, we feel good about ourselves or proud of our accomplishments. When we do things that our conscience considers bad, we experience feelings of guilt. The Goals of the Superego The primary action of the superego is to suppress entirely any urges or desires of the id that are considered wrong or socially unacceptable. It also tries to force the ego to act morally rather than realistically. Finally, the superego strives for moral perfections, without taking reality into account. The superego is also present in all three levels of consciousness. Because of this, we can sometimes experience guilt without understanding exactly why we feel that way. When the superego acts in the conscious mind, we are aware of our resulting feelings. If, however, the superego acts unconsciously to punish or suppress the id, we might end up with feelings of guilt and no real understanding of why we feel that way. [The superegos] contents are for the most part conscious and so can be directly arrived at by endopsychic perception. Nevertheless, our picture of the superego always tends to become hazy when harmonious relations exist between it and the ego. We then say that the two coincide, i.e. at such moments, the superego is no perceptible as a separate institution either to the subject himself or to an outside observer. Its outlines become clear only when it confronts the ego with hostility or at least with criticism, wrote Anna Freud in her 1936 book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. The superego, like the id, become perceptible in the state which it produces within the ego: for instance when its criticism evokes a sense of guilt, she went on to explain.

William Howard Taft Biography 27th President of the United States

William Howard Taft (Sept. 15, 1857 - March 8, 1930) served as Americas 27th president between March 4, 1909, and March 4, 1913. His time in office was known for his use of Dollar Diplomacy to help American business interests overseas. He also has the distinction of being the only president to later serve on the US Supreme Court.   William Howard Tafts Childhood and Education Taft was born on Sept. 15, 1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was a lawyer and when Taft was born helped found the Republican Party in Cincinnati. Taft attended a public school in Cincinnati. He then went to Woodward High School before attending Yale University in 1874. He graduated second in his class. He attended the University of Cincinnati Law School (1878-80). He was admitted to the bar in 1880. Family Ties Taft was born to  Alphonso Taft and Louisa Maria Torrey. His father was a  lawyer and public official who had served as President Ulysses S. Grants Secretary of War. Taft had two half-brothers, two brothers, and one sister.   On June 19, 1886, Taft married Helen Nellie Herron. She was the daughter of an important judge in Cincinnati. Together they had two sons, Robert Alphonso and Charles Phelps, and one daughter, Helen Herron Taft Manning. William Howard Tafts Career Before the Presidency Taft became the  assistant prosecutor in Hamilton County Ohio upon graduation. He served in that capacity until 1882 and then practiced law in Cincinnati. He became a judge in 1887, U.S. solicitor general in 1890, and judge of the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court in 1892. He taught law from 1896-1900. He was Commissioner and then Governor-General of the Philippines (1900-1904). He then was Secretary of War under President Theodore Roosevelt (1904-08). Becoming the President In 1908, Taft was supported by Roosevelt to run for president. He became the Republican nominee with James Sherman as his Vice President. He was opposed by William Jennings Bryan. The campaign was about personality more than issues. Taft won with 52 percent of the popular vote. Events and Accomplishments of William Howard Taft’s Presidency In 1909, the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act passed. This changed the tariff rates from 46 to 41%. It upset both the Democrats and the progressive Republicans who felt that it was just a token change. One of Tafts key policies was known as Dollar Diplomacy. This was the idea that America would use the military and diplomacy to help promote U.S. business interests overseas. For example, in 1912 Taft sent marines to Nicaragua to help stop a rebellion against the government because it was friendly to American business interests. Following Roosevelt into office, Taft continued to enforce antitrust laws. He was key in bringing down the Standard Oil Company in 1911. Also during Tafts term in office, the sixteenth amendment was passed that  allowed the U.S. to collect income taxes. Post-Presidential Period Taft was defeated for reelection when Roosevelt stepped in and formed a rival party called the Bull Moose Party allowing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win. He became a law professor at Yale (1913-21). In 1921, Taft got his long-desired wish to become Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court where he served until one month before his death. He died on March 8, 1930, at home. Historical Significance Taft was important for continuing Roosevelts antitrust actions. Further, his Dollar Diplomacy increased the actions that America would take to help protect its business interests. During his time in office, the last two contiguous states were added to the union bringing the total up to 48 states.

Marketing Plan For Hotel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 30 Words: 8976 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Communication Essay Study Essay Did you like this example? Marketing Plan for the April 2010 Executive Summary Contents: Executive Summary 2 1. 0 Corporate objectives and strategy 5 2. 0 Marketing audit 5 2. 1 External Analysis – PESTLIED 5 2. 2 Industrial and Market Analysis 7 2. 3 Competitive Analysis 9 2. 3. 1 Direct competition 9 2. 3. 2 Indirect Competition 9 2. 3. 3 Critical Success Factors 9 2. 4 Customer Analysis 10 2. 4. 1 Grey Market Customers 10 2. 4. 2 The business related travel. 11 2. 4. 3 The youth market (16-25). 11 2. 4. 4 The youth market (26-35). 11 2. 5 Market Audit Conclusion – SWOT Analysis 12 3. 0 Assumptions 13 4. 0 OBJECTIVES 14 4. Strategic Objectives 14 4. 2 Financial Objectives 14 4. 3 Marketing Objectives 14 5. 0 Marketing Strategy 15 5. 1 Segmentation Analysis 15 5. 2 Overarching Growth Strategy 16 5. 3 Positioning 17 5. 4 New Product development (NPD) 18 6. 0 Marketing Program 20 6. 1 Product 20 6. 1. 1 Physical Aspect 20 6. 1. 2 Quality of Service 21 6. 1. 3 Product Branding 21 6. 2 Place (Channel Management) 22 6. 2. 1 Selection of Channel Partners 22 6. 2. 2 Channel Control and Conflict Management 24 6. 3 Promotion (Integrated Marketing Communication) 25 6. 3. 1 Direct Promotion: 25 6. 3. 2 Indirect Promotion: 25 6. Price 27 6. 5 People (Human Resource Management) 29 6. 6 Process 32 6. 7 Physical Evidence 33 6. 8 Marketing Mix/Program Conclusion 34 7. 0 Market Plan Controls 35 7. 1 Budget 35 7. 2 Contingency 35 7. 3 Evaluation and Measurement 35 8. 0 References Bibliography 36 9. 0 Appendices 37 9. 1 Appendix 1 – PESTLIED Analysis 37 9. 2 Appendix 2 –Consumer Analysis 39 9. 3 Appendix 3 – SWOT Analysis 40 9. 4 Appendix 4 – Market segmentation Analysis 42 9. 5 Appendix 5 – IMC budget 43 9. 6 Appendix 6 Appendix Revenue Forecast 44 9. 7 Appendix 7 Appendix PL Forecast 45 9. 8 Appendix 8 Appendix Gantt Chart 46 . 0 Corporate objectives and strategy The primary corporate strategy for Premier Leisure Group is related to growth max imisation in the Hospitality business, concentrating its resources on its core business of hotels. The acquisition of the Debarry Hotel is inline with achieving a market share within the growing tourism market outside the UK. The key objective for the Debarry Hotel is to restore the quality and former glory of the Hotel by investing in its infrastructure and human resources supported by a targeted marketing plan which will result in the Debarry Hotel achieving financial success. Vision Statement: â€Å"The Debarry Hotel is to become the Flagship of Luxury and Professional Quality Service for the Premier Leisure Group within the European Hospitality Market. † 2. 0 Marketing audit The following Market Audit gives an overview of the market influences which will affect the future growth of the Debarry Hotel (DH). These influences shall be analysed using the following methodology 1. PESTLIED Analysis 2. Industrial/Market Analysis 3. Competitive Analysis 4. Consumer Analysis 2. External Analysis – PESTLIED The PESTLIED analysis supplied in Appendix 1 gives a full overview of the factors affecting Hoteliers within the Languedoc-Rousisillon region. This analysis is based on the information given in the Debarry Case Study from which the aspects of greatest concern are the issues discussed below. 1. Political One of the advantages available to the Premier Leisure Group (PLG), are the national and regional policies to improve the popularity of the Languedoc-Rousisillon regions. The interest is mainly related to improving the attractiveness of this region especially with respect to high spending visitors rather than the accustomed camping tourist, the region is mostly noted for. In addition to these policies is also the benefit of European investment in the region to further develop tourism infrastructure, amenities and appeal. 2. 1. 2 Economic: In the worldwide tourism, France heads the list of the most visited countries, 76 million tourists in 2005 w ith 55. 5% being French tourists. It is estimated that between 2006 and 2011, the economic outlook for the French Hotel Industry appears positive to steadily grow by an average of 3. 5%. Apart from topping the general tourism industry, France also tops the Business travel market. The preceding 5 years, have seen a substantial decrease of 18. 5% but the overall attractiveness of this market remains strong as it attracts 12. 6 million such business travellers in the past year. The Languedoc-Rousisillon region receives 8. 8% of the 1. 5 billion overnight stays in France. It is further expected that culture and nature-based tourism within this region will bring a further 1 – 1. million tourists next year. 2. 1. 3 Social The French Tourism market is highly dependant on its local travellers which make up 55. 5% of this market. This market is expected to grow further owing to the reduced 35-hour working week thus allowing people with more free time for more frequent short holiday s. Added to this, older people are travelling more frequently owing to an improved and cheaper travelling infrastructure. Recent trends show tourists seem to be opting for independent hotels over chain hotels, which is a competitive advantage that ought to be exploited. Further to this, a 2005 survey has shown that the most popular reasons for leisure travel are related to Health/Spa, Sea and gastronomy. 2. 1. 4 Technology Hotel on-line bookings have increased owing to improved accessibility and usage of the internet. It is expected that in 2007, 40% of leisure bookings and 35 % of business bookings will be made on-line. It is further estimated that in 2010, on-line bookings are expected to make up 50% of all bookings. Recent advancements in travelling infrastructure have also improved the travelling opportunities for tourists in all segments. Of particular interest are the development of the Euro Tunnel and the increased availability of cheap flights which have favoured the i ncrease of low cost international travel. The availability of wireless and internet access has become a necessity in the hospitality industry. 2. 1. 5 Demographics The tourism market looks to be split up in three age segments being a youth market ( aged 16 – 35), middle aged (aged 36 -50) and grey market (aged 51-65). A Detailed Customer Analysis of these segments is provided in Section 2. 4. 2. 2 Industrial and Market Analysis As noted in the PESTLIED Economic analysis, the French Tourism market is the largest in the world with healthy growth trends similar to the global tourism industry. To serve this growing demand there are more than 17,500 hotels in France. These hotels are distributed around the country in relation to the demand of both the international and local tourism business offering a large variety of products related to the targeted customer demand. There seems to be relatively high competition both between regions and within the individual regions reflecting a monopolistic competitive environment. Although a portion of these hotels form part of international hotel chains, recent surveys have shown that tourists are opting to prefer staying at independent hotels thus diminishing the distorting affect that international hotel chains may bring to the competitive rivalry within this industry. The French Tourism industry attracts both Leisure and Business Travellers. These segments are positively affected by a number of economic variables including †¢ The return of high spending North American and Japanese tourists, †¢ Growth of GDP of developing countries (China and India) Increase in population and wealth of the grey area markets. On the other hand, these markets are greatly affected by latent threats related to †¢ Terrorism activities (both regional Catalan situation and International terrorism), †¢ World wide epidemics (Avian Flu) †¢ The struggling French economy, affecting the personal disposable income of F rench Tourists †¢ Increase in price of essential resources such as fuel costs While the leisure market proves to be price-elastic, the business market is less price-elastic owing to the fact that business travellers are not paying out of pocket. This is positive, considering that France also tops the ranking of destinations for business travel, that business travel is 68% preferred during off-peak season and that 49% of business travellers like to extend their business trip to include more lucrative leisure activities. Regional competitive rivalry is mainly related to the environmental product offered. A positive attribute of the Languedoc-Rousisillon region is that the inherent product portfolio is directly related to the top six preferred reasons for world wide leisure travel, being Sea, Health, Food Wine, Art Culture, Mountains and Adventure. Although the Languedoc-Rousisillon region is ranked fourth with respect to the most preferred French regions, it is envisaged that there will be a continuous growth, increasing demand on the present 908 hotels in the region, 21 of which are competing in the same upmarket (4-Star Hotel) business as the DH. DH is the most luxurious hotel in the Pyrenees-Orientales area within Languedoc-Rousisillon, with a very limited local competitive rivalry. Conversely, the various market forces within the upmarket industry results in a relatively high competitive rivalry. This is mainly attributed to the high barriers of entry and exit, inherent in the local market and the larger number of substitutes that today’s leisure and business traveller have within the French market. This market analysis is briefly illustrated below in Exhibit 1. In this analysis one has used a Weighting Factor to estimate the importance of the force/influence in the Upmarket Hotel Industry in France. Added to this, these forces have been graded on a scale between 1 to 10 with respect to the current trends and knowledge one has of this business sector. Exhibit 1: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis . 3 Competitive Analysis The competitive environment is analyzed using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The qualitative assessment focuses on three key aspects, direct competition, indirect competition and potential competition or changes in the environment that may positively or adversely affect the demand for the Hotel’s services. 2. 3. 1 Direct competition L’Arapede hotel, which is currently undergoing major refurbishment, is considered to be the Debarry’s primary direct competitor. This Hotel is also situated in Coillure and has taken on the previous Debarry Owner as a consultant. It is also expected that the previous Debarry Owner’s wife, who is a Michellin 2-Star chef, will be taken on by the L’Arapede providing direct competition to their restaurant which is a key contributor to the Debarry’s overall revenues and attractiveness. The hotel is expected to compete ‘head to head’ in terms of luxury and room comfort and personalized service. 2. 3. 2 Indirect Competition There are also two other 3-star hotels in the area having good general hotel services with the potential to upgrade their standards and facilities. These are being considered as indirect competition owing to the fact that the clients seeking the Debarry standard and experience are unlikely to consider anything less then a 4 star Hotel. The 2 star hotels, camping sites and the business school accommodation are not being considered as competition since they cater for a completely different market. Indirect competition is inevitably faced from the numerous (over 17,500) Hotels spread around the whole of France. Geographical location is also considered as indirect competition since many clients choose the location they intend to travel to, prior to deciding which Hotel in the region to book. Such competing regions include the Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’ Azur and the Rhone-Alpes. Emerging new tourist destination such as Turkey, Croatia and Egypt are also being considered as potential sources of indirect competition as good quality hotels, in idyllic locations and offering highly competitive prices, are on the increase. 2. 3. 3 Critical Success Factors Six Critical Success Factors have been identified as necessary for the DH in order to have an advantage over competitors. Each critical success factor has been given a weighting (out of 1). Hotels have been given a grade (between 1 to 10, with 1 being the weakest and 10 representing the maximum) which highlights the relative strength of the Hotels for each critical success factor. Exhibit 2 outlines the weighting given to the 6 chosen critical success factors and draws a comparison between the Debarry and its direct competitor, the L’Arapede. | |Weight |Debarry |Result |L’Arapede |Result | |Luxurious milieu |0. 2 |7 |1. |10 |2. 0 | |Exceptional views |0. 1 |10 |1. 0 |6 |0. 6 | |Personalised Quality service |0. 2 |5 |1. 0 |8 |1. 6 | |Gourmet Services (2-star Michelin) |0. 1 |4 |0. 4 |8 |0. 8 | |Spa Health Facilities |0. 2 |4 |0. |5 |1 | |Twenty-first century equip Facilities |0. 2 |0 |0 |8 |1. 6 | | | | |4. 6 | |7. 6 | Exhibit 2: Current Competitive Positioning in Relation to the New L’Arapede Hotel. The result of this competitive analysis shows that once the l’Arapede’s refurbishment is complete, it is expected to offer superior competitive attractiveness to the DH. This is a cause of concern for the DH given that they will be aiming to attract a very similar class of clientele. The DH scores strongest in the exceptional and unique views that the Hotel has to offer whereas the L’Arapede is expected to score higher in attractiveness in all other critical success factors, unless appropriate attention is given to upgrade the Debarry’s facilities and decor. 2. 4 Customer Analysis The following Consumer Decision Making Analysis (CDM) is based on the model by Blackwell Engel (cited in Henley, 2008). 2. 4. Grey Market Customers The majority of the clients lodging at the DH are people over 51 years of age that are both time and money rich. They have worked hard throughout their lives and now their need recognition is to reap on their sacrifices, unwind in style and get pampered. Divestment for those that are still involved in their business would generally be earmarked for the summer period. The infrastructure of the hotel with its 17th century style decoration surrounded by idyllic scenery of sea, greenery and mountains conveys a message of prestige. This is coupled with an atmosphere of informality and a professional level of service that makes patrons feel important. The proximity of the hotel to an airport provides easy access. Clients do attach a value to such features for which they are ready to pay a premium price. Patrons do not stopover by coincidence. This kind of grey market is particularly selective in their information search and is not generally allured by advertisement on magazines and newspapers. They would rather rely on suggestions from their reference groups. As a consequence, word-of-mouth results to be the strongest mode of marketing in spreading the word around how the product at the DH is worth the while. 2. 4. 2 The business related travel. The business traveller’s need recognition is related to completing the objective of their business visit may it be a meeting or a conference. In relation to these activities, such travellers would need to keep in contact with their head offices and this calls for the availability of the latest 21st century technological resources. Consequently, availability of Wi-Fi hot spots fall within the criteria for the pre-purchase alternative evaluation. Business people travel predominantly for commerce purposes but surveys reveal that there is an interest in extending their stay and include leisure act ivities. In line with such a trend, state-of-the–art technology ought to come with high level of comfort preferably with relaxing scenery to satisfy hybrid expectations. The preferred purchase channels include selective trade fairs, business related magazines and the internet. This sector of clientele is usually not particularly price-sensitive. Divestment tends to be scheduled for the winter months. 2. 4. 3 The youth market (16-25). The need recognition of this segment is to acquire a shelter for the night. They are mostly spending their parents’ money and would opt for youth hostels or cheap hotels. Pre-purchase alternative evaluation is nearly non-existent as they are unlikely to make use of hotels’ services and certainly need no particular amenities to help them un-wind. They tend to be less selective about the kind of media to consult in selecting their next working holiday or trip. Accordingly, their information search would be very broad. This secto r is particularly price-sensitive and any purchase channel that would offer attractive prices tends to be preferred. Owing to academic schedules, the divestment is earmarked for the summer holidays. 2. 4. 4 The youth market (26-35). This sector is generally time-poor and owing to pressures at work would make use of internet, virtual networking or travel magazines as their information search for travel accommodation. Concomitantly, the purchase channels utilised would generally be internet. Youth in this age bracket tend to be money-rich and inclined to opt for shorter breaks owing to time constraint; though, they are less price sensitive in their choices. Their need recognition is of vacations would result in being ‘trips of a life-time’ featuring personal challenges or self-development. Their hectic life calls for an element of relaxation in their breaks and an ambience of comfort together with spa treatments would certainly serve the purpose. In the evenings they w ould expect availability of gourmet food accompanied by quality wine. Divestment of product tends to be haphazard as they would set off for short breaks at short-notice. 2. 5 Market Audit Conclusion – SWOT Analysis The present market environment and positioning of the DH is briefly summarised in the SWOT analysis illustrated in Appendix 3. Of key importance for the development of this marketing plan is that the organisation can further develop on the key attributes of the Hotel being the most luxurious 4-star hotel in the area with a large variety of utilities within the 10,000 sq m area of the resort. Although losing its former owner and the familiar atmosphere he created, the hotel still owns a strong presence in the region with its luxury accommodation and its 2-Star Michelin restaurant which need to be further nurtured and embellished for the growth of the business. These attributes are further complemented by the stunning views of the town’s surrounding whic h have for years been appreciated both by transitional visitors but mainly by world known artists who have made Collioure the heart of their works of art. The ownership transition of the hotel has caused a number of weaknesses to develop which are tarnishing the hotels brand positioning and the repeat customer base which it was accustomed to. Of key importance is the loss of the Debarry management staff, who complemented the familiar atmosphere created within the resort. Now the new management are in need to go through the whole process of recruitment and personnel development in a market which is highly sensitive to having well trained customer focused staff. This weakness is further magnified owing to the lack of a marketing plan such that the current business offer is fairly inflexible as its financial success is based on the repeat business of a demanding Grey Market segment with no promotional activities and few alternative distribution channels than its own reservation f acilities. These weaknesses have further developed in a critical threat related to losing its 2 and 4-Star accreditation for the Restaurant and Hotel. Consolidating this strength is key for the further growth of this business. Moreover, there is the growing threat of a previously inexistent local competition, mainly relating to the upgrade of the L’Arapede. On the other hand, the political intent to invest in the region will present a number of opportunities for the success of a revamped DH. These include further promotion of cultural and natural activities. The Business traveller market also presents itself as a lucrative opportunity to increase business. This market has the further benefit to be mostly active during the off-peak season presenting the opportunity to the DH to extend its operation throughout the year when compared to the current ractice. This new product opportunity would also allow the hotel to further differentiate itself from any regional competition by having the possibility to obtain a 5-Star accreditation. The new DH share holders, being the Premier Leisure Group, present the DH the opportunity to benefit from working with a chain of hotels which has an international background. Benefits include financial leverage, personnel mobility, standardisation administration software, common marketing plans and wider distribution of hotel promotional packs. The vast experience gained within the UK Tourism Industry is another asset the Debarry may benefit from. The region and hotel surroundings offer a number of other business opportunities that the DH may tap on. Of particular appeal to the hotel are the health/wellness, sports/adventure and gourmet business segments. Targeting new segments, apart from the current customer base, would allow the hotel to improve its business flexibility and offer possible contingency plans. 3. 0 Assumptions 4. 0 OBJECTIVES The overall objective of this marketing plan is to achieve a 5-star accredita tion, and to establish the hotel as a premier accommodation with a representative brand that differentiates its product (service) offering from its competition in terms of location, quality, and personalised customer service. 4. 1 Strategic Objectives †¢ To develop a hospitality and leisure hotel product based on superior quality and personalised customer service, †¢ To target the wealthy grey market and the small-to-medium conferencing market as the primary customer-base for the hotel, †¢ Build a brand that represents optimal uality of service and to obtain a 99% highly satisfactory or higher rating on customer surveys, †¢ To maintain the 4-star accreditation during 2007 and to achieve a 5-star accreditation in 2008. 4. 2 Financial Objectives †¢ Achieve breakeven on the 10. 5 million Euro investments by 2010. The targeted revenue turnover and net operating profits are: |YEAR |OCCUPANCY RATE |NET REVENUE |NET PROFIT | |2007 |76% |11. 8 million |1. million | |2008 |83% |13. 0 million |2. 0 million | |2009 |88% |16. 3 million |3. 2 million | |2010 |92% |17. 0 million |3. 4 million | Exhibit 3: Targeted Revenue Turnover Annual profits beyond 2010 are estimated to be remain at around 3. 4 million Euro. 4. 3 Marketing Objectives Penetrate and achieve an average annual growth rate of 25% in the small-to- medium conference market to become the market leader in the region by 2011, †¢ Establish new marketing channels to better exploit the internet and direct bookings, †¢ Establish a working culture focused on relationship marketing aimed at building mutually satisfying long-term relationships with all stakeholders including employees, customers, and channel intermediaries. To achieve these objectives, a number of investments, explained further in section 6. 1, are being proposed. 5. 0 Marketing Strategy 5. 1 Segmentation Analysis Appendix XXX provides a detailed benefit-based segmentation analysis of the main market segments. The g rey market and the small-to-medium conferencing market have been identified to be the most attractive market segments to target. The DH high-end positioning appeals more to the Grey market customer and it has been seen in the CDM analysis that the youth market has conflicting requirements with respect to the grey market. Moreover, the grey market should offer higher revenue per available room than these other market segments, and this is quite important given the relatively small size of the hotel. On the other hand, the small-to-medium conference market compliments the high-class style of the hotel. Penetrating this market segment will also further enhance the quality aspect of the brand. The contrasting seasonal business of the small-to-medium conferencing as compared to the grey market business, would achieve a regular occupancy all year round resulting in a significant increase in revenue. Moreover, business travellers generally pay in advance, therefore assisting the hotelâ €™s generation of cash flow. By targeting this market segment, the hotel can exploit the regional attributes with respect to arts, culture, and history and have high level seminars organised at the hotel. Similarly the hotel may be used in collaboration with the local business and art schools to conduct conferences and seminars. Finally, business customers who are satisfied with the Hotel’s product and service have the potential to become future grey market customers The main benefits identified for the grey market in appendix XXX are familiarity, health improvement, personalised customer service, scenic appreciation, and relaxation. Currently some gaps do exist, especially as regards familiarity and personalised customer service, and actions should be taken to better satisfy these expectations. The grey-market however is sufficiently aligned with the business capabilities of the hotel such that targeting this market segment is highly attractive with a low risk fact or. | GO – (Low Risk) | | | |ATTRACTIVENESS OF MARKET SEGMENT | |? | |NO GO – (High Risk) |HIGH |MEDIUM |LOW | |BUSINESS |HIGH | | | | |CAPABILITIES | |Grey Market |26-35 Youth Market / | | | | | |Walk-in Customers | | | |MEDIUM | | | | | | |Health, Wellness, and Nature | |16-25 youth market, Tour | | | |Tourism | |operator tourism | | |LOW | | | | | | |Small-to-medium Conference market| |Large business conference | | | | | |market | Exhibit 4: GE Matrix For the small-to-medium conferencing market however, the risks involved are higher as the hotel currently lacks the necessary resources, especially as regards conferencing rooms, accommodation and technological facilities. In fact, a considerable investment is required and unless a significant amount of market share is generated there is the risk that this market segment will not generate sufficient cash for the hotel. With this risk assessment in ind, an important objective of this marketing plan is therefore to trans form this potential ‘Question Mark’ product into a ‘Star’ product for the hotel. Exhibit 5– BCG Matrix Market Positioning (Source:) 5. 2 Overarching Growth Strategy Recent performance of the hotel has been characterised by a loss of market share and customer loyalty, particularly with respect to the grey market. This marketing plan considers a number of initiatives to re-invigorate the grey market penetration, including more segmented advertising, the introduction of a loyalty scheme, and special offer promotions. The plan allocates a budget for product development, market development, and diversification strategies as shown in exhibit XXX. Exhibit 6– Ansoff’s Matrix (Source: xxxxxxxx) The room and spa upgrades, together with the development of a more personalised service, form the basis of a product development strategy aimed at further attracting grey market customers to the hotel. The market development strategy includes the intro duction of new channels including online intermediaries and carefully selected specialised tour operators and travel/hotel agents is aimed at targeting different geographical markets. Finally, the hotel is to diversify into a totally new market involving small-to-medium conferences. This strategy is aimed at providing the hotel a foothold in this lucrative industry whilest reducing the portfolio risk in the event of adverse market circumstances. 5. 3 Positioning The positioning strategy is based on the resonating focus approach as described by Anderson et Al (2006). The objective is to deliver a value proposition that is visionary and sustainable for the organisation (Henley, 2008) but also customer-centred and aimed at maximising value to the above targeted customers. For the grey market, the key points of difference that deliver the greatest value to customers are a superior luxury offering, a superior quality of service, but most importantly a more personalised customer servic e. On the other hand, a point of parity to counter the value elements of offerings from direct competition is price rates. It is recommended not to explicitly state pricing as an equal benefit in any marketing communications in order not to diminish the quality aspect of the brand. Instead, the value proposition for the grey market should mainly state those value elements that differentiate the Debarry from other hotels, and to allow customers to make their own pricing comparisons independently. Exhibit XXX shows the target competitive positioning previously discussed in Section 2. 3. 3. | |Weight |Debarry |Result |L’Arapede |Result | |Luxurious milieu |0. 2 |10 |2. 0 |10 |2. 0 | |Exceptional views |0. 1 |10 |1. 0 |6 |0. 6 | |Personalised Quality service |0. 2 |8 |1. |8 |1. 6 | |Gourmet Services (2-star Michelin) |0. 1 |8 |0. 8 |8 |0. 8 | |Spa Health Facilities |0. 2 |8 |1. 6 |5 |1 | |Twenty-first century equip Facilities |0. 2 |8 |1. 6 |8 |1. 6 | | | | |8. 6 | |7. 6 | E xhibit 7: Target Competitive Positioning For the small-to-medium conferencing market, the point of parity required for customers to even consider the DH is the provision of similar state-of-the art conferencing facilities as found in other conferencing venues. The points of difference to focus on are again a more personalised customer service and a superior quality of service, but most importantly the superior location which when added to the other benefits should translate into a unique and memorable experience to all conference participants. The elements of the above positioning strategy are sufficiently simple to communicate to intermediaries and internal staff of the hotel, as well as target customers. This is particularly important as intermediaries must understand how the product is positioned and valued by customers while staff members must internalise the brand values and be sufficiently motivated to deliver the promise of the above value propositions. 5. 4 New Product development (NPD) Besides the grey market and the walk-in business the Debarry will charter new grounds in NPD in the form of the small-to-medium conferencing market. By doing so the Debarry will differentiate from the other competitors in the region (micro), although not on global basis (macro), and by equipping itself for this market the hotel will start offering added value with the aim of establishing itself in the market, driving growth, and recuperating its planned investment. To successfully manage the NPD process, the set-up at the hotel has to function to perfection. The hotel will need to effectively launch the new product and marketing and sales activities will have to start well in advance and ongoing. The renovation and the creation of the meeting facilities will have to be planned with great care and experts in this field will need to be consulted. Facilities and capacities have to be in line with the room count and it will also make commercial sense to have additi onal capacity to be able to meet the demand of day meetings. While the small-to-medium market is a well developed industry worldwide it’s a new market for PLG, DH and the region. At the pre-opening stage it is therefore recommended that the hotel will involve the other tourism stakeholders in the region to embark on a joint branding and promotion. Exhibit 8: Classification of novelty (adapted from Booz –Allen Hamilton, 1982) DH has to manage the risk involved in developing the small-to-medium meetings market by adopting the Stage Gate process (Kotler Keller, 2008) which provides milestones along the development journey where risks can be assessed and decisions made. 6. 0 Marketing Program The marketing program outlined below, will encompass a cocktail of functional elements related to the 7Ps Marketing Model Elements (Henley, 2008). . 1 Product The recommended product marketing mix relates to three main sectors being †¢ Physical Aspects †¢ Quality of ser vice †¢ Branding 6. 1. 1 Physical Aspect The product element of the market mix should be built around the strengths and opportunities identified in the marketing audit. To enhance the product offer to the wealthy elderly customer, it is being proposed to upgrade the current Spa facilities with in demand Spiritual Health benefits. This proposal follows the trend that the Grey Market consumer is more conscious of their health and is inclined seek these benefits during ones vacation. This added feature is also intended to lure ack the loyal customer base the hotel seems to be losing by adding more value at the same cost. A further investment being proposed is the renovation of the hotel rooms and the creation of auditoriums/meeting rooms having the latest media technology. This would enhance the product portfolio offered to the current Grey market consumer but it is mainly intended to attract an exclusive business market related to small-to-medium business conferences. This invest ment includes the upgrade of the hotel with twenty-first century communication equipment and facilities, such as wireless internet connections, digital TVs and satellite channels, which have all become a benefit required by consumers in the tourism segments considered. All these upgrades, detailed in Exhibit XXX, are scheduled to take place during a Hotel closure from October 2006 to February 2007. |Description |Investment Amount |Pay-Back | |Rooms upgrade |2 million |4 years | |Spa upgrade |1. 5 million |2 years | |Conferencing rooms and facilities |7 million |4 years | Exhibit 9 The physical product on offer would be further consolidated by assuring the continuation of the 2-Star Michelin restaurant. To counter the threat of losing the 2-Star Michelin Restaurant it is being proposed that the restaurant will be outsourced to a registered Michelin rated chef with a profit-sharing agreement. This proposal is particularly important both for the high revenue the restaurant can pr oduce as well as complementing the hotel’s status. 6. 1. 2 Quality of Service The physical upgrades are ineffective unless complimented with a similar improvement in the quality of service provided as identified in the ‘ServQual’ analysis commissioned by PLG which highlights various gaps between customer’s perception of quality and the actual service delivered. Consequently, the quality of service is directly dependant on the People management, Processes adopted and the purchasing channels used. These will be further expanded upon in section 6. 2, 6. 5 and 6. 6. The main outcome to be achieved is to establish a level of emotional attachment to the Debarry brand. 6. 1. 3 Product Branding The Physical aspects and Quality of Service proposed are to be complemented with a new Brand name being, â€Å"Grand Hotel Debarry† Member of the Premier Leisure Group This brand name is consistent with the 5-star accreditation and also blends with the luxury mili eu to be created in the hotel. The Debarry’s brand has to be built with the aim of assisting the customer in the decision making process. Effective branding will immediately communicate what the hotel stands for and clear positioning and brand awareness by the Debarry will make the customer purchase appropriately and avoids potential problems and reduces risks. The Debarry’s brand will need to address both B2B and B2C audiences. For the Grey market brand equity can be created by offering the personal attention that they desire to build a higher level of trust and familiarity and establish a level of emotional attachement to the Debarry brand. For the conferencing market, added value is created by offering a superior location venue that should translate into a unique and memorable experience to all conference participants again identifying with a strong level of emotional attachment to the brand. 6. 2 Place (Channel Management) The current distribution network of the hotel is quite limited, consisting mainly of two local travel agents and the hotel’s own reservation system via telephone. Based on the research data sourced by Premiere Leisure plc PLG, it is recommended to operate an integrated multiple channel marketing system (Kotler and Keller, 2008) by targeting a selective distribution strategy in order to focus channel breadth to its targeted market segments. Exhibit 10: 2006 Channel Sources of Worldwide hotel reservations and channel growth (2000 VS 2006) Source: Premiere Leisure Channel Management Research 6. 2. 1 Selection of Channel Partners In 2006, the predominant channel sources for hotel reservations worldwide were on-line channels, travel agents, tour operators, and hotels’ own reservation system. While reservations through tour operators and the hotels’ own reservation system have been declining over the past years, reservations through the internet and web-sites have increased steadily from 11% in 2000 up to 35% in 2006 such that presently on-line channels are by far the top reservation channels for hotel reservations. The lack of an on-line reservation facility on the Debarry’s web-site therefore puts the Debarry at a clear disadvantage as the internet provides the opportunity to reach markets previously outside its scope and reach (Thompson, 2006). The recommended design of the multiple channel system should encompass: 1. A number of carefully selected channel partners (tour operators and travel/hotel agents) who should be specialised in grey market and/or business travel, 2. A number of intermediary web-sites, primarily because this is the largest and fastest growing reservation channels. Also, on-line booking and information has been identified as an important feature in the decision making process of certain customers, 3. Own reservation system and web-site which offers customers a personalised and familiar interaction. This has also been identified to be an importa nt aspect of the decision-making process, especially for the grey market. 4. A strategic partnership with the local business and arts schools through which the hotel can attract and host business conferences and meetings. Exhibit 11: Design of the integrated multiple channel marketing system For the grey market, the all-inclusive tour operator market can be initially used to re-establish market share, and to start re-building the customer relationship which was weakened over the recent years. It is cautioned however, not to become heavily dependant on this marketing channel and to swiftly shift to the fully-independent tour market, which allows for more personal attention and relationship building. Establishing a strategic partnership with the local business and art schools will allow the Debarry to target the already established customer base of these schools and take advantage of their various contacts. The channel that will require the most resources will be the own web-site a nd reservation system. This channel though, also offers the highest rates leading to better margins. The skill levels required must be enhanced to operate effectively within both B2B and B2C markets. 6. 2. 2 Channel Control and Conflict Management The Premiere Leisure PLG research also shows how alternative channels such as internet intermediaries, tour operators, and hotel and/ travel agents offer a wider range of price rates that are generally more attractive to potential customers. While this can have a positive impact on the customer decision making process, it can also lead to a dilution of the brand’s representation of quality. Therefore procedures need to be established to protect the brand and consolidate the desired level of power. In order to maintain the desired level of power within the multi-channel marketing system, the hotel’s sales team can exert a combination of reward and legitimate power (Kotler and Keller, 2008) to elicit cooperation. Reward p ower will most likely be effective with the selected travel operators and agents and can be a source of motivation to encourage these channels to promote the Debarry. On the other hand, a contractual agreement with the selected web-site intermediaries may be the best way to maintain a certain degree of power. In order to limit the pricing power of these intermediaries, contractual commissions are not to exceed 10%. The most probable source of channel conflicts may be: 1. Between different operators and agents targeting the same market segments 2. Between the hotel’s sales team and either of the intermediary channels, especially the web-site intermediaries who offer customers the lowest and widest range of rates. An understanding of the individual goals of each channel and their roles is also important to minimise conflicts within the network. These are summarised in exhibit XXX and need to be made clear to all channels in the marketing system. | |Brand |Advertisin|Pricing| Price |Lead |Lead |Pre-sales |Closing|Aftersal|Informatio| | |Positionin|g |strateg|negotiatio|generati|Qualificati|activity |the |es |n | | |g |Promotion |y n |on |on |(persuadin|sale |service |marketing | | | | | | | | |g | | |feedback | | | | | | | | |customers)| | | | |Marketing Sales Team |x |x |x |x | | |x | |X |x | |Own web-site reservation system | | | | |x |x |x |x | |x | |Travel operators and agents | | | | |x |x |x |x | |x | |Web-site intermediaries | | | | |x |x |x |x | |x | Exhibit 12: Roles within the multiple channel marketing system (Adapted from Dolan, 2000) The highest risk element in operating in this multiple channel marketing system is a dilution of the brand’s representation of quality, however, as explained by Dolan (2000), the selective distribution approach is intended to increase the support the channels provides the brand. The hotel’s marketing team must therefore ensure that the Debarry brand is always portrayed as a quality product by a ll intermediary channels. 6. 3 Promotion (Integrated Marketing Communication) The promotion will be implemented through a direct and targeted approach whilst also adopting a mass market approach encompassing advertising, sales promotion, public relations and conventions. As explained by Dawar (2004), the indirect approach (agregation) depends on the power of the brand while the direct approach (dissagregation) establishes a 2-way communication. To be continued†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. 3. 1 Direct Promotion: Primary focus will be given to regain the grey market which has accounted for 75% of the Hotel’s business up till 2005. These repeat customers provide added value by promoting their experience by word-of-mouth to similar like minded people. These already existing clients will be contacted individually by means of a personalised letter which will highlight the new and upgraded services and facilities of the DH, combined with an attractive (hard to refuse) offer being given ex clusively to loyal customers. The offer will include 2 free nights with every 4 nights booked in the Hotel together. It is anticipated that this direct form of marketing will be effective in attracting clients back to the Debarry. It is crucial that these customers receive a unique and personalized experience that exceeds their expectations in order to gain their repeat custom and earn their word-of-mouth promotion. A form of direct advertising that will cater for both the grey and Small-to-medium conference market are in-house brochures in the rooms and common areas promoting the many services on offer. In particular, the wellness, conference and gourmet services, of the upgraded DH will receive special features. 6. 3. 2 Indirect Promotion: A mix of other more traditional forms of promotion will be implemented. These promotional activities have been selected with the grey market and the small-to-medium conference market, in mind both in France and beyond. Advertising To address the Grey segment, adverts will be placed in specifically chosen local newspapers and up market magazines, given that 55. 5% of France’s tourism market is internal. Brochures may be mailed to enquiring potential guests/customers (corporations) as well as picked up internally by guests and passed on to acquaintances and friends following their satisfactory experience at the New Hotel. These brochures will also be distributed through regional tourist information offices. Adverts targeted to both the small-to-medium and grey market will be placed in Local and International Specialist magazines which are aimed specifically at customers seeking a wellness destination or an ideal small conference location and facility. Proper branding of the upgraded Hotel, using an attractive logo and catchy visuals will help the Debarry adverts to stand out from the rest. The message will focus on the Debarry being an up-market hotel offering personalized service in a ‘paradise’ lo cation. Public Relations Publicity The launching of the newly upgraded hotel will be accompanied with a number of press communications in the form of press conferences and press releases aimed at reaching a presence in most local media from newspapers to television to targeted wellness and conference magazines, prestigious hotel guides and gourmet specialist magazines. Reporters and editors will be invited to attend the press conference which will be held on site and will be combined with a one night offer to ‘sleep over’ in the Grand Debarry Hotel (GDH). These same media personnel will be kept on the marketing teams contact lists and they will be updated on a monthly basis on new events and news relating to the GDH such that the Hotel will acquire a regular presence in the media, having built a positive and meaningful relationship with the key players within these media institutions (relationship marketing). It is planned that this once a year initiative should be maintained with key media personnel. A wider though less targeted audience will also be reached by participating in the PLG’s general portfolio thus having a much wider presence and visibility in the UK particularly, at minimal added cost. Sales promotions To further encourage repeat customers in the Grey Segment it is recommended to introduce a Loyalty scheme. For the small-to-medium conference market, other promotions are being recommended to targeted corporations promoting the new GDH Conference facilities and offering attractive discounted rates for confirmed bookings placed in the first year. Key accounts will be targeted such that these can be used to promote the Conference facilities of the Debarry with other Corporations that use such facilities. The Hotel will also be marketed through ‘seminar call centres’ with whom a business relationship will be developed for the Debarry to be promoted when clients seeking appropriate small business venues call for recommendations to match their requirements. The marketing team and management of the Hotel will attend regional, international conferences and fairs promoting break away and conference destinations to an up market audience such as EIBTM held in Barcellona and IMEX in Frankfurt. Attractive stands, manned by specifically trained personnel equipped with attractive package offers will be on offer during the first year. These are intended to make the Grand Debarry Hotel GDH stand out from its potential competitors. Interactive Marketing A strong presence on the internet will be given priority. The market segments being targeted by the Debarry (Grey Market and Small Conference Market) are likely to be sourcing potential quality destinations over the internet or through specialised destination management companies. An interactive web site leading to an independent booking system, a 360-degree run-through of the hotel and its rooms and facilities, links with specialist operators wit hin these segments and a high Google (and other search engine) ranking through chosen key words and ‘pay per click’ campaigns will be used. A Hotel blog will be embedded in the website and this will be continuously updated. The Hotel will also feature on leading professional networking sites such as ‘Linkedin’ and ‘Xing. com’. All these communication platforms will be integrated to deliver a consistent message that results in positioning the GDH as the leading destination of choice in the Languedoc-Rousillion region for those clients seeking a unique experience in a luxury hotel offering personalized and high quality service supported by a Michelin 2-Star restaurant in a unique location. 6. 4 Price The pricing strategy has to be linked with the overall marketing objectives which is branding a small high quality property. One of the primary objectives of the pricing strategy is to recoup the hotel’s investments within the stipulated pa yback periods. This requires a rapid increase in market share with a pricing policy aimed at regaining and maintaining the grey market while effectively penetrating the new small-to- and medium conference size market. Pricing plays a key role in communicating value to customers so its compatibility with the other mix elements is crucial. The 6-step procedure defined by Kotler and Keller (2008:423) is used to determine the price. Pricing Objectives The pricing objectives differ depending on the targeted market. For the grey market, a price leadership strategy is recommended which will see a high end product being sold at relatively competitive prices. Considering the grey market to be price elastic, this should allow the hotel to re-generate sufficient demand to recapture this lucrative segment which has always been very important to its survival. For the small-to-medium conferencing market, being less price sensitive, it is suggested that rates are set at a higher level than the grey market. In act, penetrating the small-to-medium conferencing market does not necessarily imply setting up aggressive pricing because the hotel does not aim for the mass. Therefore, a price skimming strategy is recommended for the meetings market since this market is very demanding and generally accepts a higher price as long as the value is maximized. The higher price should also aid the brand in communicating a superior product. Since the conferencing market is not considered to be so price elastic, demand generation should mostly focus on the advertising and promotional activities, discussed in Section 6. 3. Demand and Price Differentiation The refurbishment will include suites and executive suites, giving the possibility to register additional revenue by selling these upgraded rooms at a premium. A differentiation in pricing is also being conducted with regards to sea view and country view rooms, suites, and executive suites. The sea view rooms are to be sold at a high ra te than the inland rooms ensuring that revenue is maximized wherever possible. Seasonality also plays an important part in deciding the pricing strategy and it is being recommended that prices for the grey market are set at a higher level in the peak period from April to September, when the market is buoyant, whilst for the winter months room rates will be cheaper to attract more business. The Appendix Revenue Forecast shows how the market mix is expected to evolve during the first 4 years; from a mix highly dependant on the Grey market to a balanced mix involving more business customers. As the conferencing business establishes itself, it is forecasted that the hotel can achieve a healthy and linear occupancy all year round. Departing from 2005 figures, occupancy targets are aimed at achieving a 10% yearly increase. Costs Evaluation Since the hotel is to improve its overall product in terms of quality and an increased personalized service, it is being anticipated that the overal l cost of sales will increase to around 65% of rooms’ revenue (currently averaging 62%) . Personnel costs are also estimated to increase to 20% of rooms’ revenue (current averaging 15%) as a result of the necessary staff additions and training programs. These costs parameters are slightly on the high side and are being considered in the determination of the final price and in the estimation of future revenues and profit generation as shown in Appendix PL Forecast. The Debarry must also consider its overall costs when adopting pricing and of importance is the coordinated and holistic approach to maximize revenue and keep costs under scrutiny to effectively create profits and recuperate the investment within the stipulated payback period. Any management initiatives to drive these costs downwards will increase the potential revenue and profit that can be generated. Analysis of Competition A continuous assessment of the customers’ price sensitivity is necessary a nd attention has to be given to competition. The reward of a 5-star accreditation should further differentiate the Debarry product offering from its competitors which, together with pricing, should assist the customer during the decision making process. Pricing Method and Selection of the Final Price Target-return pricing is the primary method used to determine room rates. The objective is to cover all cost elements and generate a minimum profit of 10. 5million Euro over the first 4 years in order to cover the investment payback. The final pricing is shown in Appendix Occupancy and pricing. The recommended room rates shown in the appendix is also taking into consideration the seasonal level of demand and market mix. It is recommended to apply a 10% price increase for the grey market in the 3rd year once the 5-star accreditation is acquired, reflecting the improved quality of the brand. Moreover, revenue is also expected to be generated from the 2-star Michelin restaurant, day memberships at the SPA, and the maximum utilization of the conference centre for day delegates. 6. 5 People (Human Resource Management) According to Doyle (2002, as quoted in Henley 2008), quality is recognised as the single most important factor in determining long-run market share and profitability, and in a service industry, nothing is more important that customer service quality. The hotel’s main attraction had been the service provided by the People and particularly the leader ‘Jules’. A survey conducted among regular customers from the ‘grey market’ indicated that what was important to them was the sense of a personal and familiar environment and they were concerned that it would be lost. As indicated earlier, the hotel would have to rebuild the entire organisation’s staffing ensuring that the right people and the right infrastructure (ie. Policies and procedures, training, etc. ) are needed as there is a clear link between the people of the organisation and the customer satisfaction levels shown in the Service Profit Chain model (Heskett et al,1994) [pic] Exhibit 13: Service Profit Chain (Henley, 2008) Thus, starting from workplace design, job design, employee selection and development, employee rewards and recognition and development of the right tools for serving customers, leads to having the right people in the right place with the right skills and tools to deliver the right service. As the hotel is starting with few staff, it is probably an excellent case for Organisation Design, giving the management an opportunity to rebuild the organisation in a more effective and efficient structure. Assessing the present situation and the needs of the organisation is the most critical part of the ‘ADIE’ model for Organisation design and development, yet the part which is most often overlooked. Yet, with enough focus on proper Assessment and Design, the Implementation would be relatively easy. Evaluatio n will provide the feedback necessary to fine-tune or even re-evaluate and take more Organisation Development steps to iron out challenges. The first focus needs to be on knowing what people the company needs and in what roles (Assessment and Design), obtaining the right staff and training them in the company’s values and goals (exceptional customer service) and supporting them through the right balance of rewards and recognition and providing the right tools for the job. Staff requirements will include not only the usual house-keeping, maintenance, grounds management and back office personnel, but there is a clear need for additional staff categories to fill the additional roles identified and to cater to all the new markets targeted: †¢ Sales – sales staff will be required to deal with local as well as international channel partners, support business clients, etc. †¢ Marketing – specialised Marketing staff will be needed to implement the Marketing Plan and then to focus on continuous improvement to build and maintain brand image and visibility Conferencing clients – there is a clear need for Corporate Events management staff to coordinate the conference activities and associated jobs. The hotel will need to recruit a small marketing and sales team as well as an Events manager that will effectively not only take care of the meetings market but also events, gala dinners, themed nights, and other group related activities. To avoid additional costs this role can also carry the responsibility of the food beverage operation which is of the utmost importance to the meetings market. †¢ Spa – with the upgraded spa, additional specialised Spa personnel will need to be hired to provide the services offered. †¢ Grounds, parks, etc. specialised staff who can provide tours and offer activities to the guests will allow the hotel to leverage it’s grounds, proximity to the National Park and the town. †¢ R estaurant – a new 2-star chef will need to be recruited as well as experienced staff to ensure that the rating and reputation of the restaurant is kept and maintained, as this is one of the star attractions of the hotel. †¢ Customer Service – the most important of all, will be well-trained staff focused on meeting and exceeding customer expectations by being the ‘family’ that the previous management had been for the clients. Naturally, the most critical element in all this is the right leadership. The strong leadership in the previous management is what kept the whole thing together, even if the staff performance was not exceptional. With a weak leader or one who is not an embodiment of the values and goals of the organisation, ie. Exceptional customer service in this case, it is unlikely that the hotel will be able to switch the current downward trend, as proven by the interim management team. As the hotel goes through the stages of rebuilding, th e leadership style and focus will need to adapt as suggested by Goleman (Henley 2009, p 152). At the beginning it would be important to be Authoritative – Pace –Setting, giving clear direction to the new personnel. As they settle and take on ownership of their roles, leadership should move into Authoritative – Coaching leadership, supporting each individual into taking initiative and responsibility for own actions and the hotel’s success. Although the leader has been brought in from headquarters, it would also be important in all this that adequate consideration is given to one major stakeholder – the local community. One common mistake organisations make is to bring in staff from other parts of the same organisation or other competing organisations (based on the individual’s skills and abilities), often ignoring the local workforce. This can be highly detrimental to the relationship with the community who are usually not only a source of necessary supplies (food, etc. but also are in direct communication with clients and potential clients who may visit the community for cultural and/or entertainment purposes. In addition, a local workforce may be an excellent additional service to the clients as they will provide useful information on sites to visit, things to do while there, etc. , improving the customer’s experiences during their stay and thus increasing the chances of customer loyalty. As the nature of the business is very seasonal, with varying staffing and resource needs, the hotel would do well to identify key roles which are essential to be filled by permanent in-house staff and which could be filled through flexible staffing methods. (Atkinson, 1984) [p Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing Plan For Hotel" essay for you Create order

Ethical Judgements Free Essays

string(166) " of real life situations can be drawn on\? We’re interested in examples of where artists and scientists have been hampered \(or encouraged\) by ethical judgements\." 1. Ethical judgements limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Judgements or any similar topic only for you Order Now a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? The arts, the natural sciences, ethics b. What’s the question getting at? The question is asking about the way in which ethical judgements can impinge on the way we both create (rather than interpret) the arts and the natural sciences. Basically, it’s leading students on to an exploration of controversies within the arts and the natural sciences in terms of the subject matter they deal with. c. What are the potential knowledge issues? To what extent do ethical considerations constrain the way the arts are created? To what extent do ethical considerations limit natural science experimentation and research? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? We’re interested in examples of where artists and scientists have been hampered (or encouraged) by ethical judgements. There are many ready-made examples for the natural sciences. For the arts, it is perhaps not so straightforward, but there are still lots of examples of ethically questionable works of art. In terms of counterclaims, it is the arts that are better served by real life situations, with plenty of pieces produced in order to tackle (and produce) ethical judgements. But here, too, you should be able to find scientific knowledge that has been discovered in order to solve ethical problems. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? The question is perhaps a little confusingly worded, but it is clear in terms of the areas of knowledge to be tackled. Including personal examples will be trickier in this question than finding outside examples. 2. â€Å"When the only tool you have is a hammer, all problems begin to resemble nails† (Abraham Maslow). How might this apply to ways of knowing, as tools, in the pursuit of knowledge? a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? The question is a broad one, and allows students to focus on their own choice of WOKs. It also potentially allows students to bring in the AOKs as well – particularly natural/human sciences (the scientific method), history (the historical method), and the arts (creation of art). b. What’s the question getting at? The question asks students to consider the way in which WOKs are used to provide us with knowledge. The quote suggests that if we view WOKs in too narrow and homogenous a way, it could limit the amount and type of knowledge we are able to acquire. The question requires students to consider the nature of each way of knowing, and try to think a little more creatively about each one; in addition, students could also consider how the areas of knowledge can themselves act as ways of knowing – ie, in terms of the scientific or historical method, and in terms of art as a way of knowing rather than an area of knowledge. Given that this is a question for the 2008 curriculum, its focus are the four ways of knowing (emotion, language, reason, sense perception). A quick look at the new curriculum will provide new possibilities for this, and perhaps provide a key to approaching the question (considering the validity of faith, imagination, intuition, memory). c. What are the potential knowledge issues? Are the four ways of knowing the only means of acquiring knowledge? Do we acquire knowledge only through the ways of knowing, or can it be acquired via the areas of knowledge? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide.. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? Given how broad the question potentially is, there is a large range of real life situations that can be drawn on. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? The quote is a lovely one, and it could lead on to some interesting knowledge issue discussion. However, the non-specific nature of the question (not only does it not stipulate which WOKs/AOKs, it also does not mention how many should be considered) means that it will be very easy to go astray with this question. Responses have to narrow down specific examples of how the ways of knowing can sometimes impeded our pursuit of knowledge if we do not apply them in an imaginative way. 3. â€Å"Knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organisation of facts.† Discuss this statement in relation to two areas of knowledge. a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? This is another broad question, although unlike title no.2, it does state how many WOKs/AOKs should be tackled (two AOKs). Given this, it would make sense to focus on two distinct AOKs, such as ethics and natural sciences, or the arts and history. b. What’s the question getting at? The question asks students to consider the nature of knowledge within their two chosen AOKs. ‘Systematic organization of facts’ suggests quantitative knowledge; students must consider to what extent this is true, and then offer a counter-claim in which they discuss how much qualitative knowledge, and other forms of knowledge the particular AOKs consist of. Students should bear in mind that the title implies a process – ie, ‘organizing facts’, rather than a static type of knowledge – ie, ‘organized facts’; the two possible meanings could lead to different types of essays. A clear definition of ‘facts’ needs to be provided in the introduction, to give responses a firm footing. c. What are the potential knowledge issues? To what extent can we build up a thorough understanding of the human/natural sciences by processing purely quantitative knowledge? To what extent does ethical knowledge involve the consideration of factual information? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? Real life situations can be taken easily from personal experiences related to the AOKs chosen, so students can think about the level of the understanding they have built up by dealing with systemized facts. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? Given that the essay is clear about its scope, this question is probably easier to approach than question 2. Having said that, it depends on how students tackle this notion of ‘systemized facts’. If they do so in terms of ‘natural science consists of systemized facts’, they may have problems; if they do so in terms of ‘natural science consists of building up systemized facts’, they will be able to tackle the question more easily. 4. â€Å"That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow.† Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge. a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? Similar to question 3, this title asks students to consider two AOKs. The question lends itself to AOKs that offer more objective, yet regularly updated, knowledge, such as history, the human sciences, and the natural sciences. Ethics also ties in very well, and could link up very nicely with history. b. What’s the question getting at? The question is referring to the extent to which knowledge is subject to review and revisionism over time. Thus, although we may believe we possess objective facts, from a different perspective gained by progress, such facts become re-interpreted in the light of new evidence, discoveries, technology, or societal trends. In short, the question is asking students the extent to which knowledge is provisional. Note the use of the word ‘sometimes’, though, meaning that you shouldn’t make generalizations about the whole of knowledge. c. What are the potential knowledge issues? To what extent does historical knowledge need revision? Are there any theories or laws in the human sciences that have withstood the test of time? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? In terms of the AOKs mentioned above, appropriate real life situations may involve a way of interpreting a past event, a method of studying human behaviour, knowledge about the natural world, or an accepted way of behaving. In terms of personal examples, students can easily apply their own learning of a particular subject (related to one of the AOKs they have selected), and how their understanding of it has been subject to change over time. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? This is a more straightforward question to get to grips with, as it focuses on a concept that should be familiar to most students. 5. â€Å"The historian’s task is to understand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.† To what extent is this true in these areas of knowledge? a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? This question is clearly focused on history and the human sciences. It could require some consideration of the method used by both historians and human scientists, in an attempt to gauge the purpose of each one. b. What’s the question getting at? The question asks students to consider the purpose of both AOKs, and decide to what extent one merely looks back, and one looks forward. Obviously, the title is a rather arbitrary one: there can’t be only one purpose to an AOK, and AOKs overlap hugely anyway (particularly history and the human sciences). So students should use the question for a launching pad into a more wide-ranging discussion of the aim of both AOKs, not, perhaps, sticking quite so rigidly to the assertion implicit in the title. c. What are the potential knowledge issues? To what extent is history only focused on past events? To what extent do the  human sciences aim to change the way societies behave? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? The arguments for this essay need to be based on history studies that have been done only in the context of the past, and human science cases that have not drawn on past events. Counterclaims need to contrast those RLSs – which will be much easier to do. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? The two AOKs are very similar ones – indeed, outside the world of TOK, history is a human science, so students may find it hard to contrast the respective methods used, and knowledge that is acquired. Historians often work alongside human scientists, and vice versa, in order to understand past, present, and future societies, so using such an arbitrary and contrived statement will present problems for students. Finally, talking of an overriding ‘purpose’ for AOKs is fraught with difficulties: can we say there is one reason why historians/human scientists do their respective jobs? Having said all that, there’s plenty of scope to attack the question! 6. â€Å"A skeptic is one who is willing to question any knowledge claim, asking for clarity in definition, consistency in logic and adequacy of evidence† (adapted from Paul Kurtz, 1994). Evaluate this approach in two areas of knowledge. a. What areas of knowledge ways of knowing should be investigated? This is the third title that asks students to consider two non-specific areas of knowledge, and the fifth one that focuses on AOKs rather than WOKs. For this title, appropriate AOKs are ones that make knowledge claims of which people can ‘question†¦asking for clarity in definition, consistency in logic and adequacy of evidence’. In other words, AOKs that require clear evidence to support the knowledge they deal with. Although this could conceivably work with any AOK, the arts are trickier to use within this title, as is mathematics. b. What’s the question getting at? The question provides a framework (ie the way a skeptic approaches knowledge) that can be applied to the two AOKs. As outlined in ‘e’, what this framework leads us onto is not immediately apparent. Presumably, the essay is supposed to assess how well this approach can be applied to the chosen AOKs, in order to provide us with certain knowledge. c. What are the potential knowledge issues? To what extent does the natural sciences/human sciences/history/ethics require logic and evidence in order to acquire knowledge? For more ideas, check out section 10 of the Essay Guide. d. What sort of real life situations can be drawn on? Appropriate RLSs depend on the AOKs chosen, but what is needed here are RLSs that illustrate how the approach can work, and RLSs indicating that such an approach is not always effective. You’ll find more specific examples, in the last section of the Guide. e. What are the difficulties and challenges of this question? The difficulties are in working out what the question wants students to do with the skeptics’ approach to knowledge. Does it want students to assess how well this approach works in the two AOKs (ie whether it leads us to certain knowledge)? Does it want students to assess whether such an approach can be used at all? Does it want us to focus on the skeptic, or on the AOK? How to cite Ethical Judgements, Papers

Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria. Answer: Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria, the term is facing like an epidemic in the present century. The world is experiencing disastrous threat, the antibiotics which are being used to cure bacterial infections are gradually becoming useless against most of the deadly bacteria and they are becoming drug resistant. According to research, by the end of 2050, the multi-drug resistant bacteria will be principal cause of death in mankind, ahead of cancer. Astonishingly, this fate was long being predicted by Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered the first ever antibiotic, Penicillin in the year 1928. Fleming not only contributed to path breaking discovery but also gave an alarming prediction, at least 80 years ahead of time. After winning Nobel Prize for the discovery of Penicillin in the year 1945, Fleming was found saying, The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of the man who succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resi stant organism (Calderone, 2015). However, squandering antibiotics with heedlessness has given rise to shocking results. After the advent of antibiotic, it was rigorously used throughout the world. Penicillin became boon for the World Was II soldiers as it helped in treating pneumonia, syphilis, gangrene, tuberculosis and diphtheria. As the days passed by, the medical practise became paralysed in the absence of antibiotic. Without antibiotics even minor surgery became impossible. Moreover, antibiotics became an important component in animal and on a non-prescription basis while on the other hand, antibiotic sales are incentivised. The medical world overlooked the curse of antibiotic usage and highlighted its blessings only. However, by the end of 20th century there saw an advent in Multi Drug Resistant bacteria, proving the prediction of Sir Fleming to be true and this lead the medical researchers identify the threats of over use of antibiotic (Howard et al. 2013). References Calderone, J. (2015).Penicillin's discoverer predicted our coming post-antibiotic era 70 years ago. [online] https://www.businessinsider.in. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Penicillins-discoverer-predicted-our-coming-post-antibiotic-era-70-years-ago/articleshow/48393377.cms [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. Howard, S.J., Catchpole, M., Watson, J. and Davies, S.C., 2013. Antibiotic resistance: global response needed.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,13(12), pp.1001-1003.